The Human Body 2016/17 PDF

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I. Number _______________________________ Desk No ______________ Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing Undergraduate Regulations April/May Examinations 2016/2017 Level 4 MODULE: PY4010: The Human Body DURATION: Three Hours Instructions to Candidates The paper contains THIRTY-NINE questions i...

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I.D. Number _______________________________ Desk No ______________

Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing Undergraduate Regulations April/May Examinations 2016/2017 Level 4 MODULE:

PY4010: The Human Body

DURATION:

Three Hours Instructions to Candidates

The paper contains THIRTY-NINE questions in THREE sections: Sections A, B & C Answer THIRTY-SEVEN questions only: Section A: THIS SECTION HAS BEEN WITHHELD BY THE FACULTY Section B: Answer ALL FIVE questions (30% of the total marks) Section C: Answer TWO of the four questions (30% of the total marks) ANSWER SECTION B IN THE SALMON ANSWER BOOK AND EACH QUESTION IN SECTION C IN A SEPARATE YELLOW ANSWER BOOK INDICATE HERE WHICH QUESTIONS FROM SECTION C YOU HAVE ANSWERED AND WISH TO BE MARKED 36

37

38

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CIRCLE TWO QUESTIONS ONLY

THIS EXAM PAPER MUST BE HANDED IN WITH YOUR ANSWER BOOK Candidates are permitted to bring one approved calculator into this examination: from either Casio FX83 or CasioFX85 series (with any suffix), FX115MS, FX570ES or FX991ES Invigilators are under instruction to remove any other calculators Stationery

MCQ Answer Sheet Salmon Answer Book x1 Yellow Answer Books x 2

Number of Pages 1 - 10

SECTION A THIS SECTION HAS BEEN WITHHELD BY THE FACULTY

Continued… 1

SECTION B Answer ALL FIVE questions in the Salmon Answer Book Recommended time for this section: 54 minutes

31.

Describe ONE biochemical OR morphological change in a cell undergoing necrosis AND the reason for the change. (6 marks)

32.

With respect to the genetic code and protein synthesis:

(a)

What is a stop codon? (3 marks)

(b).

What is meant when we describe the genetic code as being degenerate? (3 marks)

33.

Calculate creatinine clearance (and hence an estimate of glomerular filtration rate, GFR) for an adult man from the data below: (6 marks) Urine creatinine (U) = 200 mg/dL 24 hour urine volume = 1.44 L Serum creatinine (P) = 2 mg/dL

34.

Describe the structure AND function of a cardiac desmosome. (6 marks)

35.

Name one cholinesterase inhibitor and explain its use in medicine (6 marks)

Continued…

2

SECTION C Answer TWO out of FOUR questions only Use a separate Yellow Answer Book for each question Recommended time for this section: 54 minutes 36.

Compare and contrast the cAMP and Ca 2+ signalling pathways when stimulated by G protein coupled receptors. For each pathway give an example of a receptor and ligand that uses the pathway and the associated cellular response. (15 marks)

37.

Explain how the concentrations of sodium and potassium inside and outside the cell are established and maintained at the cellular level, and also by the actions of the kidney. Give ONE example of how the sodium electrochemical gradient does useful work for the cell. (15 marks)

38.

In terms of a cholinergic neuron:

(a)

Explain how acetylcholine is made within the neuron. (3 marks)

(b)

What are the two possible receptor families that ACh can bind to? (2 marks)

(c)

Describe the possible fates of acetylcholine once released from the vesicles at the pre-synaptic knob and the effect of its release on adjoining skeletal muscle. (10 marks)

Continued…

3

39.

Two old men meet in a pharmacy. Hector complains of excessive urination, including at night, and feeling thirsty all the time. Ajax complains of a bad mood, the doctor says he has something called hyponatremia and he has put on weight but not as fat. From looking at their prescriptions, the pharmacist says that they both have a problem with a hormone called vasopressin and its action on the kidney.

a)

Draw a diagram to show where vasopressin acts on the kidney. (4 marks)

b)

What is the problem with Hector? Suggest a pharmacological treatment. (5 marks)

c)

What is the problem with Ajax? Suggest a pharmacological treatment. (6 marks)

END OF EXAMINATION PAPER

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