The Nasty Nineties, Elizabethan - part 1 PDF

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David Grummitt...

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The Nasty Nineties: Elizabethan England 1585 – 1603

England in the 1590’s: War, Famine and Political Crisis     

From 1585 war with Spain (military commitments in the Netherlands, France, the High Seas, and in Ireland) Plague, taxation and famine: Socio-economic problems Faction and politics at court and in parliament But also shows the strength in Elizabethan institutions and the ‘Monarchical Republic’ in action In 1603 the throne passed without issue to James VI of Scotland, James I of England

Catholic Plots and the Queen of Scots   

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Throckmorton Plot (1584) and the Bond of Association – Mary Queen of Scots in increasingly becoming a threat 1586 The Babington Plot: plotters executed in September 1586, October Mary sent to Fotheringhay Castle and tried for treason Mary was ‘the daughter of seduction, the mother of rebellion, the nurse of impiety, the handmaid of iniquity, the sister of unshamefulness’ (Job Throckmorten, MP for Warwick), parliament of 1586 The final order for Mary’s execution in February 1587 was disputed against a backdrop of war, plots and fear

War and the 1590’s     

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10th August 1585 The Treaty of Nonsuch (prompted by alliance between Philip II and the French Catholic League) 29th April 1587 the raid on Cadiz by Sir Francis Drake August 1588 the Gran Armada 1590’s war against the Catholic league sending troops to Normandy and Brittany 1595 – rebellion of Hugh, O’Niell, Earl of Tyrone (The Nine Years War), defeated January 1602 at the battle of Kinsale

The cost of war – 1580’s-90’s – average of taxation is a lot higher – local needs, not parliamentary...