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The book about the picture of dorian gray...

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   

ThePictureofDorianGray 

By 

OscarWilde   



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THEPREFACE 

The artist is the creator of beautiful things. To reveal art and conceal the artistisart'saim.Thecriticishewhocantranslateinto anothermannerora newmaterialhisimpressionofbeautifulthings. The highest as the lowest form of criticism is a mode of autobiography Those who find ugly meanings in beautiful things are corrupt without being charming.Thisisafault. Those who find beautiful meanings in beautiful things are the cultivated Forthesethereishope.Theyaretheelecttowhombeautifulthingsmeanonly beauty. There is no such thing as a moral or an immoral book. Books are wel written,orbadlywritten.Thatisall. ThenineteenthcenturydislikeofrealismistherageofCalibanseeinghis ownfaceinaglass. The nineteenth century dislike of romanticism is the rage of Caliban no seeinghisownfaceinaglass.Themorallifeofmanformspartofthesubjectmatter of the artist, but the morality of art consists in the perfect use of an imperfect medium. No artist desires to prove anything. Even things that are truecan be proved.No artisthas ethicalsympathies. Anethical sympathyin anartistisanunpardonablemannerismofstyle.Noartistisevermorbid.The artist can express everything. Thought and language are to the artis instrumentsofanart.Viceandvirtuearetotheartistmaterialsforanart.From the point of view of form, the type of all the arts is the art of the musician Fromthepointofviewoffeeling,theactor'scraftisthetype.Allartisatonce surface and symbol. Those who go beneath the surface do so at their peril Thosewhoreadthesymboldosoattheirperil.Itisthespectator,andnotlife thatartreallymirrors.Diversityofopinionaboutaworkofartshowsthatthe workisnew,complex,andvital.Whencriticsdisagree,theartistisinaccord with himself. We can forgive a man for making a useful thing as long as he does not admire it. The only excuse for making a useless thing is that one admiresitintensely. Allartisquiteuseless. OSCARWILDE  

CHAPTER1

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The studio was filled with the rich odour of roses, and when the ligh summer wind stirred amidst the trees of the garden, there came through the open door the heavy scent of the lilac, or the more delicate perfume of the pink-floweringthorn. From the corner of the divan of Persian saddle-bags on which he was lying, smoking, as was his custom, innumerable cigarettes, Lord Henry Wotton could just catch the gleam of the honey-sweet and honey-coloured blossoms of a laburnum, whose tremulous branches seemed hardly able to bear the burden of a beauty so flamelike as theirs; and now and then the fantasticshadowsofbirdsinflightflittedacrossthelongtussore-silkcurtains that were stretched in front of the huge window, producing a kind of momentaryJapaneseeffect,andmakinghimthinkofthosepallid,jade-faced painters of Tokyo who, through the medium of an art that is necessarily immobile, seek to convey the sense of swiftness and motion. The sullen murmurofthebeesshoulderingtheirwaythroughthelongunmowngrass,or circling with monotonous insistence round the dusty gilt horns of the stragglingwoodbine,seemedtomakethestillnessmoreoppressive.Thedim roarofLondonwaslikethebourdonnoteofadistantorgan. Inthecentreoftheroom,clampedtoanuprighteasel,stoodthefull-length portrait of a young man of extraordinary personal beauty, and in front of it somelittledistanceaway,wassittingtheartisthimself,BasilHallward,whose sudden disappearance some years ago caused, at the time, such public excitementandgaverisetosomanystrangeconjectures. Asthepainterlookedatthegraciousandcomelyformhehadsoskilfully mirrored in his art, a smile of pleasure passed across his face, and seemed abouttolingerthere.Buthesuddenlystartedup,andclosinghiseyes,placed his fingers upon the lids, as though he sought to imprison within his brain somecuriousdreamfromwhichhefearedhemightawake. "Itisyourbestwork,Basil,thebestthingyouhaveeverdone,"saidLord Henrylanguidly."YoumustcertainlysenditnextyeartotheGrosvenor.The Academyistoolargeandtoovulgar.WheneverIhavegonethere,therehave beeneithersomanypeoplethatIhavenotbeenabletoseethepictures,which wasdreadful,orsomanypicturesthatIhavenotbeenabletoseethepeople whichwasworse.TheGrosvenorisreallytheonlyplace." "Idon'tthinkIshallsenditanywhere,"heanswered,tossinghisheadback inthatoddwaythatused tomake hisfriends laughat himatOxford. "No, won'tsenditanywhere." Lord Henry elevated his eyebrows and looked at him in amazemen throughthethinbluewreathsofsmokethatcurledupinsuchfancifulwhorls

from his heavy, opium-tainted cigarette. "Not send it anywhere? My dear fellow,why?Haveyouanyreason?Whatoddchapsyoupaintersare!Youdo anythingintheworldtogainareputation.Assoonasyouhaveone,youseem towant tothrow itaway. Itis sillyof you,for thereis onlyone thingin the world worse than being talked about, and that is not being talked about. A portraitlike thiswould set youfar aboveall the youngmen inEngland, and maketheoldmenquitejealous,ifoldmenareevercapableofanyemotion." "I know youwill laugh at me," he replied, "butI really can't exhibit it. haveputtoomuchofmyselfintoit." LordHenrystretchedhimselfoutonthedivanandlaughed. "Yes,Iknewyouwould;butitisquitetrue,allthesame." "Toomuchofyourselfinit!Uponmyword,Basil,Ididn'tknowyouwere sovain;andIreallycan'tseeanyresemblancebetweenyou,withyourrugged strongfaceandyourcoal-blackhair, andthis youngAdonis, wholooksasif he was made out of ivory and rose-leaves. Why, my dear Basil, he is a Narcissus, and you—well, of course you have an intellectual expression and allthat.Butbeauty,realbeauty,endswhereanintellectualexpressionbegins Intellectisinitselfamodeofexaggeration,anddestroystheharmonyofany face. The moment one sits down to think, one becomes all nose, or al forehead, or something horrid. Look at the successful men in any of the learnedprofessions.Howperfectlyhideoustheyare!Except,ofcourse,inthe Church.ButthenintheChurchtheydon'tthink.Abishopkeepsonsayinga theageofeightywhathewastoldtosaywhenhewasaboyofeighteen,and as a natural consequence he always looks absolutely delightful. You mysterious young friend, whose name you have never told me, but whose picturereallyfascinatesme,neverthinks.Ifeelquitesureofthat.Heissome brainless beautiful creature who should be always here in winter when we have no flowers to look at, and always here in summer when we wan somethingtochillourintelligence.Don'tflatteryourself,Basil:youarenotin theleastlikehim." "Youdon'tunderstandme,Harry,"answeredtheartist."OfcourseIamno likehim.Iknowthatperfectlywell.Indeed,Ishouldbesorrytolooklikehim Youshrugyourshoulders?Iamtellingyouthetruth.Thereisafatalityabout all physical and intellectual distinction, the sort of fatality that seems to dog throughhistorythefalteringstepsofkings.Itisbetternottobedifferentfrom one'sfellows.Theuglyandthestupidhavethebestofitinthisworld.They cansitattheireaseandgapeattheplay.Iftheyknownothingofvictory,they areatleastsparedtheknowledgeofdefeat.Theyliveasweallshouldlive— undisturbed, indifferent, and without disquiet. They neither bring ruin upon others,noreverreceiveitfromalienhands.Yourrankandwealth,Harry;my

brains, such as they are—my art, whatever it may be worth; Dorian Gray's good looks—we shall all suffer for what the gods have given us, suffer terribly." "Dorian Gray? Is that his name?" asked Lord Henry, walking across the studiotowardsBasilHallward. "Yes,thatishisname.Ididn'tintendtotellittoyou." "Butwhynot?" "Oh,Ican'texplain.WhenIlikepeopleimmensely,Inevertelltheirnames toanyone.Itislikesurrenderingapartofthem.Ihavegrowntolovesecrecy It seems to be the one thing that can make modern life mysterious o marvelloustous.Thecommonestthingisdelightfulifoneonlyhidesit.When Ileavetown nowInevertell mypeoplewhere Iamgoing.If Idid,I would lose all my pleasure. It is a silly habit, I dare say, but somehow it seems to bringagreatdealofromanceintoone'slife.Isupposeyouthinkmeawfully foolishaboutit?" "Notatall,"answeredLordHenry,"notatall,mydearBasil.Youseemto forgetthatIammarried,andtheonecharmofmarriageisthatitmakesalife of deception absolutely necessary for both parties. I never know where my wifeis, and mywife neverknows what Iam doing.When we meet—wedo meetoccasionally,whenwedineouttogether,orgodowntotheDuke's—we telleachotherthemostabsurdstorieswiththemostseriousfaces.Mywifeis verygoodatit—muchbetter,infact,thanIam.Shenevergetsconfusedover herdates,andIalwaysdo.Butwhenshedoesfindmeout,shemakesnorow atall.Isometimeswishshewould;butshemerelylaughsatme." "I hate the way you talk about your married life, Harry," said Basi Hallward, strolling towards the door that led into the garden. "I believe tha you arereally a very goodhusband, but thatyou are thoroughly ashamedof your own virtues. You are an extraordinary fellow. You never say a mora thing,andyouneverdoawrongthing.Yourcynicismissimplyapose." "Beingnaturalissimplyapose,andthemostirritatingposeIknow,"cried Lord Henry, laughing; and the two young men went out into the garden together and ensconced themselves on a long bamboo seat that stood in the shadeofatalllaurelbush.Thesunlightslippedoverthepolishedleaves.Inthe grass,whitedaisiesweretremulous. After a pause, Lord Henry pulled out his watch. "I am afraid I must be going, Basil," he murmured, "and before I go, I insist on your answering a questionIputtoyousometimeago." "Whatisthat?"saidthepainter,keepinghiseyesfixedontheground.

"Youknowquitewell." "Idonot,Harry." "Well,Iwilltellyouwhatitis.Iwantyoutoexplaintomewhyyouwon' exhibitDorianGray'spicture.Iwanttherealreason." "Itoldyoutherealreason." "No,youdidnot.Yousaiditwasbecausetherewastoomuchofyoursel init.Now,thatischildish." "Harry," said Basil Hallward, looking him straight in the face, "every portraitthatis paintedwithfeeling isaportrait oftheartist, notofthe sitter Thesitterismerelytheaccident,theoccasion.Itisnothewhoisrevealedby the painter; it is rather the painter who, on the coloured canvas, reveals himself.ThereasonIwillnotexhibitthispictureisthatIamafraidthatIhave showninitthesecretofmyownsoul." LordHenrylaughed."Andwhatisthat?"heasked. "Iwilltellyou,"saidHallward;butanexpressionofperplexitycameover hisface. "Iamallexpectation,Basil,"continuedhiscompanion,glancingathim. "Oh,thereisreallyverylittletotell,Harry,"answeredthepainter;"and amafraidyouwillhardlyunderstandit.Perhapsyouwillhardlybelieveit." LordHenrysmiled,andleaningdown,pluckedapink-petalleddaisyfrom thegrassand examinedit."I amquitesure Ishallunderstand it,"hereplied gazingintentlyatthelittlegolden,white-feathereddisk,"andasforbelieving things,Icanbelieveanything,providedthatitisquiteincredible." Thewindshooksomeblossomsfromthetrees,andtheheavylilac-blooms withtheirclusteringstars,movedtoandfrointhelanguidair.Agrasshopper began to chirrup by the wall, and like a blue thread a long thin dragon-fly floated past on its brown gauze wings. Lord Henry felt as if he could hea BasilHallward'sheartbeating,andwonderedwhatwascoming. "Thestoryis simplythis," saidthepainterafter sometime."Two months ago I went to a crush at Lady Brandon's. You know we poor artists have to showourselvesinsocietyfromtimetotime,justtoremindthepublicthatwe are not savages. With an evening coat and a white tie, as you told me once anybody,evenastock-broker,cangainareputationforbeingcivilized.Well after I had been in the room about ten minutes, talking to huge overdressed dowagers and tedious academicians, I suddenly became conscious that some onewaslookingatme.Iturnedhalf-wayroundandsawDorianGrayforthe first time. When our eyes met, I felt that I was growing pale. A curious

sensation of terror came over me. I knew that I had come face to face with someonewhosemerepersonalitywassofascinatingthat,ifIallowedittodo so,itwouldabsorbmywholenature,mywholesoul,myveryartitself.Idid not want any external influence in my life. You know yourself, Harry, how independentIambynature.Ihavealwaysbeenmyownmaster;hadatleas alwaysbeenso,tillImetDorianGray.Then—butIdon'tknowhowtoexplain it to you. Something seemed to tell me that I was on the verge of a terrible crisisinmylife.Ihadastrangefeelingthatfatehadinstoreformeexquisite joysandexquisitesorrows.I grewafraidandturnedto quitthe room.Itwas notconsciencethatmademedoso:itwasasortofcowardice.Itakenocredi tomyselffortryingtoescape." "Conscienceandcowardicearereallythesamethings,Basil.Consciencei thetrade-nameofthefirm.Thatisall." "I don't believe that, Harry, and I don't believe you do either. However whateverwasmymotive—andit mayhavebeenpride,forI usedtobevery proud—Icertainlystruggledtothedoor.There,ofcourse,Istumbledagainst Lady Brandon. 'You are not going to run away so soon, Mr. Hallward?' she screamedout.Youknowhercuriouslyshrillvoice?" "Yes;sheisapeacockineverythingbutbeauty,"saidLordHenry,pulling thedaisytobitswithhislongnervousfingers. "Icouldnotgetridofher.Shebroughtmeuptoroyalties,andpeoplewith starsandgarters,andelderlyladieswithgigantictiarasandparrotnoses.She spokeofmeasherdearestfriend.Ihadonlymetheroncebefore,butshetook itintoherheadtolionizeme.Ibelievesomepictureofminehadmadeagrea successatthetime,atleasthadbeenchatteredaboutinthepennynewspapers which is the nineteenth-century standard of immortality. Suddenly I found myself face to face with the young man whose personality had so strangely stirredme.Wewerequiteclose,almosttouching.Oureyesmetagain.Itwas recklessofme,butIaskedLadyBrandontointroducemetohim.Perhapsi wasnotsoreckless,afterall.Itwassimplyinevitable.Wewouldhavespoken to each other without any introduction. I am sure of that. Dorian told me so afterwards.He,too,feltthatweweredestinedtoknoweachother." "AndhowdidLadyBrandondescribethiswonderfulyoungman?"asked hiscompanion."Iknowshegoesinforgivingarapidprecisofallherguests. remember her bringing me up to a truculent and red-faced old gentleman coveredalloverwithordersandribbons,andhissingintomyear,inatragic whisperwhichmusthavebeenperfectlyaudibletoeverybodyintheroom,the mostastoundingdetails.Isimplyfled.Iliketofindoutpeopleformyself.Bu LadyBrandontreatsherguestsexactlyasanauctioneertreatshisgoods.She eitherexplainsthementirelyaway,ortellsoneeverythingaboutthemexcep

whatonewantstoknow." "PoorLadyBrandon!Youarehardonher,Harry!"saidHallwardlistlessly "Mydearfellow,shetriedtofoundasalon,andonlysucceededinopening arestaurant.HowcouldIadmireher?Buttellme,whatdidshesayaboutMr DorianGray?" "Oh, something like, 'Charming boy—poor dear mother and I absolutely inseparable.Quiteforgetwhathe does—afraidhe—doesn'tdoanything—oh yes, playsthe piano—or is itthe violin, dearMr. Gray?' Neither ofus could helplaughing,andwebecamefriendsatonce." "Laughterisnotatallabadbeginningforafriendship,anditisfarthebes endingforone,"saidtheyounglord,pluckinganotherdaisy. Hallwardshookhishead."Youdon'tunderstandwhatfriendshipis,Harry," hemurmured—"orwhatenmityis,forthatmatter.Youlikeeveryone;thatis tosay,youareindifferenttoeveryone." "How horribly unjust of you!" cried Lord Henry, tilting his hat back and looking up at the little clouds that, like ravelled skeins of glossy white silk weredriftingacrossthehollowedturquoiseofthesummersky."Yes;horribly unjustofyou.Imakeagreatdifferencebetweenpeople.Ichoosemyfriends for their good looks, my acquaintances for their good characters, and my enemiesfortheirgoodintellects.Amancannotbetoocarefulinthechoiceof his enemies. I have not got one who is a fool. They are all men of some intellectualpower,andconsequentlythey allappreciateme.Isthat veryvain ofme?Ithinkitisrathervain." "I should think it was, Harry. But according to your category I must be merelyanacquaintance." "MydearoldBasil,youaremuchmorethananacquaintance." "Andmuchlessthanafriend.Asortofbrother,Isuppose?" "Oh,brothers!Idon'tcareforbrothers.Myelderbrotherwon'tdie,andmy youngerbrothersseemnevertodoanythingelse." "Harry!"exclaimedHallward,frowning. "My dear fellow, I am not quite serious. But I can't help detesting my relations. I suppose it comes from the fact that none of us can stand othe peoplehavingthesamefaultsasourselves.Iquitesympathizewiththerageo the English democracy against what they call the vices of the upper orders The masses feel that drunkenness, stupidity, and immorality should be thei ownspecialproperty,andthatifanyoneofusmakesanassofhimself,hei poachingontheirpreserves.WhenpoorSouthwarkgotintothedivorcecourt

theirindignation wasquite magnificent.And yet Idon't supposethat tenper centoftheproletariatlivecorrectly." "I don't agree with a single word that you have said, and, what is more Harry,Ifeelsureyoudon'teither." Lord Henry stroked his pointed brown beard and tapped the toe of his patent-leatherbootwithatasselledebonycane."HowEnglishyouareBasil Thatisthe secondtimeyouhave madethatobservation. Ifoneputsforward anideatoatrueEnglishman—alwaysarashthingtodo—heneverdreamsof consideringwhethertheideaisrightorwrong.Theonlythingheconsidersof anyimportanceis whetheronebelievesit oneself.Now, thevalueof anidea hasnothingwhatsoevertodowiththesincerityofthemanwhoexpressesit Indeed, the probabilities are that the more insincere the man is, the more purely intellectualwill the idea be, as in thatcase it will not be coloured by either his wants, his des...