The Twentieth Century - Notes, Dr. Newman PDF

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Notes, Dr. Newman...

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The Twentieth Century: Modern Art Chapter Goal: The goal of this chapter explores the Twentieth century and the Modern Art and art forms during the period such as Fauvism, Surrealism, Cubism, Expressionism, and etc. Styles: Fauvism: Exploding Color: Fauvism began in France in 1904 with notable artist like Matisse, Vlaminck, Rouault, Derain and Braque. The main distinctive features of Fauvism were its intense and clashing use of color, distorted perspectives, linear patterns, vigorous brushstrokes, and etc. Fauvism changed the way we look at the world through art. The artist of this era were considered “Fauves,” or wild beast. -

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Vlaminck: To Know Excess: Maurice de Vlaminck was a French painter and one of principal figures of the Fauvism movement. He did everything extreme with art and was a risk taker with art and life. Derain: Fireworks: Andre Derain was a painter and sculptor and co-founded Fauvism with Matisse. He pioneered strong color as an expressive mean when working with art. His piece, Big Ben was one where he applied clashing and bright colors to distort the reality. Dufy: Fauve’s Animator: Raoul Dufy was a Fauvist painter his canvas included things like, “garden parties, concerts, horse races, regattas, and beach scenes.” He used intense color and was a popular Fauvism artist. Rouault: Stained Glass Paintings: George Rouault worked with this movement for a brief time he shared some great traits like, “expressive brushwork and glowing color.” He was a devout Catholic who mirrored his experience in his stained glass paintings.

Twentieth-Century Sculpture: A New Look: -

Brancusi: The Egg and I: One of the greatest Modernist sculptors was Constantin Brancusi, whose sculptures shaved away details almost to their vanishing points. He seen reality as basic, involving shapes, specifically the egg. His work Bird in Space represented not a real bird but, “the concept of flight.”

Twin Titans of the Twentieth Century: Matisse and Picasso: During the first 50 years of the 20th century there were two painters whose work was popular, Picasso and Matisse. They were also known as, “North and the South Pole,” of art. They both inspired art in different forms. -

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Matisse: In Living Color: Henri Matisse pioneered bright Fauve landscapes and he believed, “Color was not given to us in order that we should imitate Nature.” There was controversy with his work, The Green Stripe because of comments from his audience saying, “it’s not a woman, it’s a painting,” he let it be known that was the idea of the work. Picasso: The King of Modern Art: Pablo Picasso led artistic innovation for over half of the century and changed art through the introduction of his new style. Picasso produced, “an estimated 50,000 works.” Picasso’s work was almost always autobiographical, like pages of his own diary and women were one of his main subject matters and inspiration

in the creation of his work. One of his most interesting pieces was, The Blindman’s Meal was a piece from the “Blue Period” of art that portrayed the everyday lives of beggars. Cubism: During the turning point of the 20th century the art movement, Cubism began. Its name came from Henri Matisse’s dismissal of Cubist work by Braque. The four most important Cubist were Picasso, Gris, Braque, and Leger. It liberated art and proved the statement that, “art consists of inventing not copying.” -

Analytic Cubism: Cubism analyzed the form of certain objects by shattering them into different fragments across the canvas. Synthetic Cubism: Picasso and Braque started a new form known as “collage, “it incorporated stenciled letters and scraps of paper. Artist Juan Gris was another artist to contribute to Synthetic cubism. Picasso’s, The Studio was a synthetic piece that gave decorative shapes and strong colors.

Modernism Outside of France: As time changed so did technology, and it transformed the world from, “agrarian to industrial,” or simple from rural to urban. -

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Futurism: It began in 1909 and it was a literary movement that challenge artist to show courage and celebrate new beauty. Poet F.T Marinetti allied with painter, Boccioni to show contemporary works and paint in the current age of that time, Precisionism: It was started in the beginning of the 1920s and influenced by Futurism and Cubism. The main subject matters were landscape, depicting things precisely and accurate as possible and defined geometrical forms. Expressionism: It arrived with new standards of how art was judged and created. It was inspired by the Symbolist and the main artist during this movement were Vincent van Gogh, James Ensor, and Edvard Munch. One of the most well-known Expressionist pieces was The Scream by Edvard Munch. Majority of his work focused on death and anxiety and this was an emotional piece and how it portrays the character in it.

Modernist Architecture: Geometry to Live In: Before the 20th century architecture was meant to revisit the past and the introduction of Modernist architecture changed the style forever. The new ideas and innovations helped reshape architecture. -

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Gropius: Bauhaus Design: Walter Gropius was the director of a Bauhaus school of design that taught about twentieth century technology without referencing the past of architecture. Mies: Less is More: A colleague of Gropius, Mies designed towers with glass curtain walls and the Seagram Building of New York he felt when you producing art, “Less is more.”

Dada and Surrealism: Art Between the Wars: -

Dada: A World Gone Gaga: It was founded in 1916 as an art movement by, “refugees from World War I,” its name came from a nonsense word. Dada protested against the chaos and madness of the war. Its main focus was to produce shock and denounce. One of

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the most-well known Dada artist was Marcel Duchamp who inspired diverse movements and he became a legend and did not even produce that much art. Surrealism: Power of the Unconscious: Surrealism was born as an offspring to Dada and it flourished in America and Europe. It took two forms, abstractive and figurative. Some of the key artist of this movement were Miro, Ernst, De Chirico, Dali and others.

Photography Comes of Age: During the Victorian Era photography improved because of critics that criticized their past work. Modernism influenced “avant-garde photographers” to express their views and thoughts of the world. -

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Cartier-Bresson: He was a French photographer that first started as a Cubist painter but went into photography in the early 1930s. He captured, “decisive moments” and snapped shots of action and emotion. Man Ray: He was a painter and photographer that worked as a Dada and Surrealism artist. In 1921 he developed the technique known as, “rayographs”.

American Art: 1908-40: American artist did mostly traditional and realist art. There was a school known as the Ashcan school located in New York City and the known artist were Bellows, Sloan, and Henri the subject matter of the school was vigor and grit. American gothic Art made artist Grant Wood a known artist for his work, American Gothic. Abstract Expressionism: Emerging in New York in the 1940s Abstract Expressionism was a movement were the artist used diverse bodies of work to introduce radically unfamiliar directions of art. It was pioneered by artist like, Jackson Pollock, Hans Hoffman, and others who liberated themselves from the norm. Postwar Sculpture: The postwar artist and sculptors used new materials like metal, welding, mobiles, and etc. Henry Moore was one of the most famous sculptors and his work was built on the Surrealist ideas. His work, Reclining Mother and Child stylized grouped figures with “characteristic hollows.” Color Field: It is a style of abstract painting in America from the late 1940s to the 1960s featuring large unmodulated colors that cover majority of the canvas. It included artist like Mark Rothko, Barnett Newman, Helen Frankenthaler, and Morris Louis.

Key Terms: Fire Sale: A term used to describe when artist burn works that fail to sell. Action Painting: It explained Abstract Expressionist working method. Mount Rushmore: It is a mountain in South Dakota that was a huge portrait of four presidents that influenced our country....