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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARASUSTAINABLE COASTAL TOURISMDEVELOPMENT AS AN ATTRACTIVE ECO-TOURISM DESTINATION IN TERENGGANUSITI ATIQAH BINTI AYOBDIPLOMA IN TOWN & REGIONAL PLANNINGOctober 2021CONFIRMATION OF COMPLETIONI certify that Siti Atiqah binti Ayob has completed Planning Project Paper enti...

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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

SUSTAINABLE COASTAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AS AN ATTRACTIVE ECOTOURISM DESTINATION IN TERENGGANU

SITI ATIQAH BINTI AYOB

DIPLOMA IN TOWN & REGIONAL PLANNING October 2021

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

SUSTAINABLE COASTAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AS AN ATTRACTIVE ECOTOURISM DESTINATION IN TERENGGANU

SITI ATIQAH BINTI AYOB

Planning Project Paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

Diploma in Town & Regional Planning

Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying

October 2021

CONFIRMATION OF COMPLETION

I certify that Siti Atiqah binti Ayob has completed Planning Project Paper entitled “Sustainable Coastal Tourism Development as An Attractive Eco-Tourism Destination in Terengganu” in accordance with Universiti Teknologi MARA Act 1976 (Akta 173).

Ana Kashfi Muhamad Supervisor Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying Universiti Teknologi MARA

Nor Hisham Md Saman, Gs. Dr Programme Coordinator Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying Universiti Teknologi MARA

Syazwani Ahmad, Dr TPS352 Coordinator Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying Universiti Teknologi MARA

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I declare that the work in this Planning Project Paper was carried out in accordance with the regulations of Universiti Teknologi MARA. It is original and is the results of my own work, unless otherwise indicated or acknowledged as referenced work. This project paper has not been submitted to any other academic institution or non-academic institution for any degree or qualification. I, hereby, acknowledge that I have been supplied with the Academic Rules and Regulations for Undergraduate, Universiti Teknologi MARA, regulating the conduct of my study and research.

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Siti Atiqah binti Ayob

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ABSTRACT

In tourism sector, sustainable concept is more commonly used and applied nowadays. Sustainable tourism such as eco-tourism involving coastal areas will help to balance the tourism development with natural conservation. A study has been conducted on development Pantai Kelulut as a sustainable coastal tourism towards attractive eco-tourism destination in Terengganu. The study was focused to a few issues and problems related to factors that contribute the sustainability of Pantai Kelulut that include accessibility, attraction, facilities, scenery and safety aspects. To achieve the aim of this study, some objectives were provided that include to explore the theoretical development of the tourism especially sustainable coastal tourism as an eco- tourism destination, to identify the background and current development of the study area, to analyze the factors that influence the sustainability of coastal tourism development and to recommend the enhancement of Pantai Kelulut as a sustainable coastal tourism towards attractive eco tourism destination. There are three (3) methods used that include questionnaire, observation and interview session. Based on the 104 respondents that randomly selected, the finding shows that there were five (5) factors that contribute to the sustainability of Pantai Kelulut that include accessibility, attraction, facilities, natural features and safety. The elements provided in Pantai Kelulut should be upgraded as to develop Pantai Kelulut being s sustainable coastal tourism towards attractive eco-tourism destination in Terengganu. In the end of this research, some recommendations were recommended that include providing better access for future, create and upgrading the attraction elements to encourage the numbers of visitors, provide and upgrading facilities as to facilitate the visitors, preserve the beautification and cleanliness of the Pantai Kelulut and improve the safety aspect in providing facilities and attraction elements.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Bismillahorrahmanirrahim In the Name of Allah S.W.T the Most Gracious, Most Merciful. All praise is given to the Almighty for giving me an opportunity to complete this research study successfully for the six (6) months. Firstly, I want to take the opportunity to thank to the staff in local authority which is Majlis Daerah Marang (MDM) that was contribute in this research study by providing me some useful information. Besides, the highest appreciation and gratitude expressed to my supervisor, XXXXXXXXX for giving me a lot of guidance, help me in learning a process to complete the study and spending her times for discussion with me. Without her guidance, I would not be able to complete the study on the time given. I also want to thank XXXXXX as Planning Project Paper Coordinator, for her guidance, tolerance, supervised and reminded us the important dates during this semester. Finally, I would like to express my very profound gratitude to my parents and family for providing me with physical and mental support in process of researching and writing this thesis. Last but not least, most thankful to all my friends for supporting and encouraging me in completing this thesis. This accomplishment would not have been possible without them. All your kindness will be never forgotten. Thank you. .

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TABLE OF CONTENT

CONFIRMATION BY PANEL OF EXAMINERS

v

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

vi

ABSTRACT

vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

vii

TABLE OF CONTENT

ix

LIST OF TABLES

xii

LIST OF FIGURES

xiii

LIST OF PLATES

xiv

LIST OF SYMBOLS

xv

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

xvi

LIST OF NOMENCLATURE

xvii

CHAPTER ONE : INTRODUCTION 1.1

Introduction

1

1.2

Problem Statement

2

1.2.1 Accessibility

2

1.2.2 Attraction

3

1.2.3 Scenery

3

1.2.4 Safety

3

Goal and Objectives

4

1.3.1 Goal

4

1.3.2 Objectives

4

1.4

Scope of Study

5

1.5

Research Methodology

6

1.6

Site Background

7

1.7

Summary

9

1.3

CHAPTER TWO : LITERATURE STUDY 2.1

Introduction

10

2.2

2.3

2.4

Tourism

11

2.2.1 Definition of Tourism

12

2.2.2 System of Tourism

13

2.2.3 Categories of Tourism

14

2.2.4 Concept of Tourism

15

2.2.5 Impacts of Tourism

16

Eco-Tourism

17

2.3.1 Definition of Eco-Tourism

17

2.3.2 Principles of Eco-Tourism

17

Coastal Tourism

18

2.4.1 Definition of Coastal Tourism

18

2.4.2 Characteristic of Coastal Tourism 2.4.3 Type of Activities in Coastal Tourism

19 20

2.4.4 Principles of Coastal Tourism

21

2.4.5 Guideline of Coastal Planning

23

2.4.6 Factors Affecting the Sustainability of Coastal Tourism

24

2.5

Best Practice of Coastal Tourism ini Malaysia

25

2.7

Summary

26

CHAPTER THREE : DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDING 3.1

Introduction

27

3.2

Research Process and Methodology

28

3.3

Data Collection Method

29

3.3.1 Quantitative

30

3.3.2 Qualitative

32

Data Analysis

33

3.4.1 Questionnaire Analysis

34

3.4.2 Observation Analysis

40

3.5

Finding

42

3.5

Summary

45

3.4

CHAPTER FOUR : RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION 4.1

Introduction

46

4.2

Summary of Findings

47

4.3

Recommendations

49

4.3.1 Accessibility

50

4.3.2 Attraction

50

4.3.3 Scenary

51

4.3.4 Safety

51

Conclusion

52

4.4

REFERENCES

53

APPENDICES

57

LIST OF TABLES

Tables

Title

Table 2.1 Table 2.2 Table 2.3 Table 2.4 Table 2.5 Table 2.6 Table 4.1 Table 4.2 Table 4.3 Table 4.4 Table 4.5 Table 4.6

Concept of Tourism in Malaysia The Positive and negative Impacts of Tourism Type of coastal Characteristics of Coastal Zone Suitable guidelines for development in Pantai Kelulut Principles of Coastal Tourism Sample Size of Respondents Questionnaires Collected by the Respondents Visitor’s level of satisfaction for elements provided Type of entrance Quantity of the trees provided Description of the facilities provided

Page 15 17 20 21 22 25 45 46 58 62 63 65

LIST OF FIGURES

Tables

Title

Figure 1.1 Figure 2.1 Figure 2.2 Figure 3.1 Figure 3.2 Figure 3.3 Figure 4.1 Figure 4.2 Figure 4.3 Figure 4.4 Figure 4.5 Figure 4.6 Figure 4.7 Figure 4.8 Figure 4.9 Figure 4.10 Figure 4.11

Flow Chart of Research Methodology The components of tourism supply Coastal zone area Key Plan Location Plan Site Plan Gender of respondents Percentage of visitors by age and categories of visitors Race of respondents The origin of the respondents Purpose of visiting Pantai Kelulut Respondent’s Activity during Visiting Pantai Kelulut Respondent’s frequency of visiting Pantai Kelulut Duration visiting Pantai Kelulut Factors of visiting Pantai Kelulut Potentials of Pantai Kelulut The level of satisfaction for the natural features in Pantai Kelulut. The level of satisfaction for the man-made in Pantai Kelulut. Site Area (Pantai Kelulut). The illustration of the new pedestrian walkway as an entrance to Pantai Kelulut to support the number of visitor for future.

Figure 4.12 Figure 4.13 Figure 5.1

Page 9 13 19 38 39 40 47 48 49 50 51 51 52 53 54 54 59 59 61 76

LIST OF PHOTOS

Photos

Title

Page

Photo 3.1 Photo 3.2 Photo 3.3 Photo 3.4 Photo 3.5 Photo 3.6 Photo 3.7 Photo 3.8 Photo 4.1 Photo 4.2 Photo 4.3 Photo 4.4 Photo 4.5

View of Pulau Kapas from Pantai Kelulut View of Pantai Kelulut Pentas budaya in Pantai Kelulut Signage provided inPantai Kelulut Pedestrian walkway in Pantai Kelulut Gazebo provided in Pantai Kelulut Restaurants that provided various fresh seafood Semarak Bayu Resort & Cafe in Pantai Kelulut Accessibility to Pantai Kelulut Main road (Kuantan- Terengganu) One of the entrance that can enter by vehicle Pedestrian walkways as an entrance to Pantai Kelulut Palm tree (coconut tree) which is one of the attraction in

42 42 42 42 42 42 43 43 62 62 63 63 64

Photo 4.6

Pantai Kelulut Shade tree (Pokok Rhu) which is one of the attraction in

64

Photo 4.7

Pantai Kelulut Only one signage provided at Pantai Kelulut as sense of

66

Photo 4.8 Photo 4.9

welcoming Dustbin in Pantai Kelulut located far from leisure area Gazebo was provided for visitor’s leisure activity in

66 66

Photo 4.10

Pantai Kelulut Pentas budaya in Pantai Kelulut was provided under

66

Photo 4.11

Majlis Daerah Marang (MDM) for event activities Playground that was provided in Pantai Kelulut not in

66

good condition as it has many damaged playground Photo 4.12

accesories Toilet that was provided in Pantai Kelulut not function well especially at night

66

LIST OF SYMBOLS

Symbols A

Number of PLS or PCA components in the model and the number of selected latent variable in the model

a

Number of the PLS or PCA component

b

PLS regression coefficient

b

Number of blocks (b=1,2,3.....,K)

C

Coarse APM block

Cp

Pooled covariance matrix for the two classes

Cg

Covariance matrix for class g

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviations MOTAC JPBD SPSS

Ministry of Tourism, Art and Culture Jabatan Perancangan Bandar dan Desa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences

LIST OF NOMENCLATURE

Nomenclatures A

Amplitude Ratio, (No Units)

C

Centroid of pipe, inches

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1

INTRODUCTION

Generally, the tourism sector is the most important sector that contribute to the country’s income and it also one of the largest sectors in the world. (Ritchie, 2006; Goeldner, 2006; Badaruddin, 2008). There are many types of tourism implemented in Malaysia that included cultural tourism, adventure tourism, medical tourism, beach tourism and agricultural tourism.

Nowadays, tourism development in the coastal zone is not something new. According to Goodhead & Johnson (1996), the beach holiday trend and the relaxing season began when “breathe the sea” became a fashion in the late 18th and early 19th centuries on the coast of European countries. Then, in the 20th century the situation extended to most beaches including Malaysia. For example, Pantai Chenang, Langkawi, Pantai Peranginan Besut, Terengganu, Pantai Pork Dickson, Negeri Sembilan and Pantai Irama Bachok, Kelantan. . 1.2

PROBLEM STATEMENT

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1.2.1 Accessibility xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

1.3

GOAL AND OBJECTIVES

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1.3.1 Goal Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

1.3.2 Objectives Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

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ii.

xxxxxxx

iii.

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CHAPTER TWO LITERATURE STUDY

2.1

INTRODUCTION – explain the overview of the chapter

This chapter presents a review of literature on tourism at the international and national level in various aspects. Besides, this section explains the literature on tourism that divided into two which are literature on general tourism and the literature with highlighting on coastal tourism related to the research study. This is considered important for increasing the understanding related to tourism especially coastal tourism development at the various levels. FORMAT OF CITATION EX 1 : The mental image of the city is often related to individual’s perceptions and interpretations of the situation and elements surrounding the city (Ahmad, A.G., 1998). EX 2 : According to Rapoport (1977), the importance of an image increases with an increase in scale, age, education, skills, socio-cultural variables, the symbolic…….. FORMAT OF TABLE PRESENTATION

Table 1.1 : The Title for This Table is Here

Source: World Bank report 2016

Table 1.2 : The Statistical Information of APM Dataset Batch

No of samples

Average per month

Percentage of LoD (Coarse APM)

Percentage of LoD (Fine APM)

1

100

8 samples

1.70%

6.48%

2

102

9 samples

9.29%

9.09%

3

176

9 samples

2.65%

4.34%

Source: World Bank report, 2016

FORMAT OF PHOTO / FIGURE PRESENTATION

Photo 1.1: A Picture of Light. Sourse: World Bank Report, 2016

HB 0. 35

0. 3

0. 25

0. 2

0. 15

0. 1

0. 05

0

0. 05 0

5000

10000

15000

Figure 1.1: The Spectrum of Cooking Oil On Source: World Bank report, 2016

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FORMAT OF REFERENCES Abbas, M., Shehab, A. A.-M., Hassan, N., & Al-Samuraee, A. (2011). Effect of temperature and deposition time on the optical properties of chemically deposited nanostructure PbS thin films. Thin Solid Films, 519(15), 4917-4922.

Abdulgafour, H., Hassan, Z., Al-Hardan, N., & Yam, F. (2010a). Growth of highquality ZnO nanowires without a catalyst. Physica B: Condensed Matter, 405(19), 4216-4218.

Abdulgafour, H., Hassan, Z., Al-Hardan, N., & Yam, F. (2010b). Growth of zinc oxide nanoflowers by thermal evaporation method. Physica B: Condensed Matter, 405(11), 2570-2572.

Abdulgafour, H., Hassan, Z., Yam, F., & Chin, C. (2013). Sensing devices based on ZnO hexagonal tube-like nanostructures grown on p-GaN heterojunction by wet thermal evaporation. Thin Solid Films, 540, 212-220.

Jaafar, M. Z., Hasan, M. N., & Wong, T. W. (2006). Quantitative structure-activity relationships of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor Y agonist.

Jaafar, M. Z., Khan, A. H., Adnan, S., Markwitz, A., Siddique, N., Waheed, S., et al. (2011). Multiblock analysis of environmental measurements: A case study of using Proton Induced X-ray Emission and meteorology dataset obtained from Islamabad Pakistan. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 107(1), 31-43.

Lazim, A. M., Jaafar, M. Z., Phang Wei Shong, P., & Jamil, S. (2013). Determination of Commercials Cooking Oils and Fats Using Chemometrics Methods.

Sim, S., Ling, T., Lau, S., & Jaafar, M. (2015). A novel computer-aided multivariate water quality index. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 187(4), 1-11.

FORMAT OF APPENDIX

APPENDIX 1 Example of the Codes in PLS Algorithms

24

APPENDIX 2 Table of Parameters Used in Data Processing for PLS Testing Precuders on the Classification of Biological Activity Type C1

C2

C3

Formula

x ij= x ij −¯x j

x ij=

x ij=

√

xij −¯x j

Description Mean centring

Standardisation

I

1 ∑ ( x − x )2 I i=1 ij ¯ j

xij −min( x i )

Range scaling

max( xi )− min( x i )

25...