U2T1 HW Programmable Devices Rodriguez Juan Jose PDF

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Manual para el aprendizaje de esta materia, solo quiero ver los documentos de esta pagina aasi que echenle ganas a la escuela chavos...

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Programmable Devices

Juan Jose Rodriguez Padilla UP180661 IMA08A UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE AGUASCALIENTES Electronic Systems

ASCII

El código ASCII (siglas en ingles para American Standard Code for Information Interchange, es decir Código Americano ( Je! lease estadounidense... ) Estándar para el intercambio de Información ) ( se pronuncia Aski ). Fue creado en 1963 por el Comité Estadounidense de Estándares o "ASA", este organismo cambio su nombre en 1969 por "Instituto Estadounidense de Estándares Nacionales" o "ANSI" como se lo conoce desde entonces. Este código nació a partir de reordenar y expandir el conjunto de símbolos y caracteres ya utilizados en aquel momento en telegrafía por la compañía Bell. En un primer momento solo incluía letras mayúsculas y números, pero en 1967 se agregaron las letras minúsculas y algunos caracteres de control, formando así lo que se conoce como US-ASCII, es decir los caracteres del 0 al 127. Así con este conjunto de solo 128 caracteres fue publicado en 1967 como estándar, conteniendo todos lo necesario para escribir en idioma ingles. En 1981, la empresa IBM desarrolló una extensión de 8 bits del código ASCII, llamada "pagina de código 437", en esta versión se reemplazaron algunos caracteres de control obsoletos, por caracteres gráficos. Además se incorporaron 128 caracteres nuevos, con símbolos, signos, gráficos adicionales y letras latinas, necesarias para la escrituras de textos en otros idiomas, como por ejemplo el español. Así fue como se sumaron los caracteres que van del ASCII 128 al 255. IBM incluyó soporte a esta página de código en el hardware de su modelo 5150, conocido como "IBM-PC", considerada la primera computadora personal. El sistema operativo de este modelo, el "MS-DOS" también utilizaba el código ASCII extendido. Casi todos los sistemas informáticos de la actualidad utilizan el código ASCII para representar caracteres, símbolos, signos y textos (149).

Arduino UNO Arduino is an open-source electronics creation platform, which is based on free hardware and software, flexible and easy to use for creators and developers. This platform allows to create different types of microcomputers from a single board to which the maker community can give different types of use. The project was born in 2003, when several students at the Interactive Design Institute of Ivrea, Italy, to facilitate the access and use of electronics and programming.

They did it so that electronics students would have a cheaper alternative to the popular BASIC Stamp, boards that at the time cost more than a hundred dollars, and that not everyone could afford. The result was Arduino, a board with all the necessary elements to connect peripherals to the inputs and outputs of a microcontroller, and that can be programmed in Windows, macOS and GNU/Linux. A project that promotes the 'learning by doing' philosophy, which means that the best way to learn is by tinkering.

General pin functions

Arduino Uno (Computer Version) LED: there is a built-in LED controlled by digital pin 13. When the pin has a high value, the LED is on, when the pin is low, it is off. VIN: the input voltage to the Arduino/Genuino board when using an external power supply (as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power supply). You can supply voltage through this pin or, if you supply voltage through the power connector, access it through this pin. 5V: This pin outputs 5V regulated from the regulator on the board. The board can be powered from the DC power connector (7-20V), the USB connector (5V) or the VIN pin on the board (7-20V). Supplying voltage through the 5V or 3.3V pins bypasses the regulator and may damage the board. 3V3: a 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current consumption is 50 mA. GND: Ground pins. IOREF: this pin on the Arduino/Genuino board provides the reference voltage at which the microcontroller operates. A properly configured shield can read the voltage from the IOREF pin and select the proper power supply or allow the voltage translators on the outputs to operate at 5V or 3.3V. Reset: normally used to add a reset button to the isolators that block the one on the board. Special pin functions Each of the Uno's 14 digital pins and 6 analog pins can be used as input or output, using the pinMode(), digitalWrite() and digitalRead() functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or receive 20 mA under recommended operating conditions and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50 kohm. A maximum of 40 mA is the value that should not be exceeded on any I/O pin to avoid permanent damage to the microcontroller. The Uno has 6 analog inputs, labeled A0 through A5, each providing 10 bits of resolution (i.e., 1024 different values). By default, they measure from ground to 5 volts, although it is possible to change the upper end of their range using the AREF pin and the analogReference() function. In addition, some pins have specialized functions:

Serial/UART: pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data. These pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega8U2 USB to TTL serial chip. External switches: pins 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a value change. PWM (pulse width modulation): 3, 5, 6, 9, 10 and 11. Can provide an 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite() function. SPI (serial peripheral interface): 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support SPI communication using the SPI library. TWI (two-wire interface)/I²C: pin A4 or SDA and pin A5 or SCL. Supports TWI communication using the Wire library. AREF (analog reference): reference voltage for analog inputs.

General Syntax and Library List ACUCOBOL-GT has a large set of library routines built into the runtime system. These routines may be accessed via the CALL verb. This appendix describes each of these routines in detail. The routines are listed in alphabetical order.

In the following descriptions, the phrase "Numeric parameter" indicates a data item or literal that contains a numeric value in any of the following formats:

Signed or unsigned COMP-4 (or internal equivalent such as COMP-X) Unsigned PIC 9 USAGE DISPLAY PIC X containing digits (other data ignored) Unsigned numeric literal Alphanumeric literal containing digits (other data ignored) Any routine that has a GIVING phrase specified in its USAGE may omit that phrase. If this is done, then the routine's return value will be placed into the special register RETURN-CODE instead.

ASCII2HEX ASCII2OCTAL

C$ASYNCPOLL C$ASYNCRUN C$CALLEDBY Returns the name of the caller of the currently running COBOL program or spaces if no caller exists or if the caller is unknown. C$CALLERR Retrieves the reason why the last CALL statement failed. For accurate information, it must be called before any other CALL statement is executed. C$CARG C$CHAIN C$CHDIR Changes the current working directory. C$CODESET C$CONFIG C$COPY C$DARG C$DELETE C$DISCONNECT C$EXCEPINFO C$EXITINFO C$FILEINFO C$FILEINFO retrieves some operating system information about a given file. C$FILESYS C$FULLNAME This routine locates a file by using the runtime's filename translation and search logic, and returns the full name of the corresponding file. C$GETCGI C$GETERRORFILE C$GETEVENTDATA

C$GETEVENTPARAM C$GETLASTFILEOP C$GETNETEVENTDATA C$GETPID C$GETVARIANT C$JAVA C$JUSTIFY C$JUSTIFY performs left or right justification of data and centering of data. C$KEYMAP C$KEYPROGRESS C$LIST-DIRECTORY The C$LIST-DIRECTORY routine lists the contents of a selected directory. Each operating system has a unique method for performing this task. C$LIST-DIRECTORY provides a single method that will work for all operating systems. C$LOCALPRINT C$LOCKPID This routine returns the Process ID (PID) of the process holding the lock responsible for the previous file lock or record locked condition encountered. This library routine works only with the Vision file system and the UNIX platform. C$MAKEDIR Creates a new directory. C$MEMCPY (Dynamic Memory Routine) Copies bytes between any two memory locations. C$MYFILE Returns the filename of the disk file containing the currently executing program. C$NARG This routine returns the number of parameters passed to the current program. C$OPENSAVEBOX C$PARAMSIZE

This routine returns the number of bytes actually passed by the caller for a particular parameter. C$PARSEXFD C$RECOVER C$REDIRECT C$REGEXP C$RERR Returns extended file status information. C$RERRNAME This routine returns the name of the last file used in an I/O statement. It can be used in conjunction with C$RERR to determine file errors. C$RESOURCE C$RUN ACUCOBOL-GT for Windows supports an alternate method for running other programs. This is through the library routine C$RUN. This library routine works identically to the SYSTEM library routine, except that the calling program does not wait for the called program to finish. Instead, both programs run in parallel. C$SETERRORFILE C$SETEVENTDATA C$SETEVENTPARAM C$SETVARIANT C$SLEEP This routine causes the program to pause in a machine efficient fashion. C$SOCKET C$SYSLOG C$SYSTEM C$TOUPPER and C$TOLOWER These routines translate text to upper- or lower-case. C$XML

This routine lets you retrieve and parse precise information from an XML document. It also lets you add, modify, or delete data in an XML document. CBL_AND CBL_CLEAR_SCR CBL_CLOSE_FILE CBL_COPY_FILE CBL_CREATE_DIR CBL_CREATE_FILE CBL_DELETE_DIR CBL_DELETE_FILE CBL_EQ CBL_ERROR_PROC CBL_EXIT_PROC CBL_FLUSH_FILE CBL_GET_CSR_POS CBL_GET_EXIT_INFO CBL_GET_SCR_SIZE CBL_NOT CBL_OPEN_FILE CBL_OR CBL_READ_FILE CBL_READ_SCR_ATTRS CBL_READ_SCR_CHARS CBL_READ_SCR_CHATTRS CBL_SET_CSR_POS CBL_SUBSYSTEM CBL_SWAP_SCR_CHATTRS CBL_WRITE_FILE CBL_WRITE_SCR_ATTRS

CBL_WRITE_SCR_CHARS CBL_WRITE_SCR_CHARS_ATTR CBL_WRITE_SCR_CHATTRS CBL_WRITE_SCR_N_ATTR CBL_WRITE_SCR_N_CHAR CBL_WRITE_SCR_N_CHATTR CBL_WRITE_SCR_TTY CBL_XOR DISPLAY_REG_* Dynamic Memory Routines Error and Exit Procedures HEX2ASCII I$IO The I$IO routine provides an interface to the file handler. LIB$GET_SYMBOL LIB$SET_SYMBOL OCTAL2ASCII R$IO RENAME RMNet Routines SYSTEM S$IO $WINHELP W$BITMAP W$BROWSERINFO W$FLUSH W$FONT W$FORGET

W$GETC W$GETURL W$KEYBUF W$MENU W$MOUSE W$PALETTE W$PROGRESSDIALOG W$STATUS W$TEXTSIZE WIN$PLAYSOUND WIN$PRINTER WIN$VERSION Returns version information for Windows and Windows NT host platforms. Windows Print Spooler (-Q and -P) Windows Registry Routines...