UGLY’S ELECTRIC MOTORS & CONTROLS PDF

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UGLY’S ELECTRIC M O TO RS & C O N TR O LS J o n e s & n a n ic tt L e a r n in g 5 W all Street Bu rling to n. M A 01 KC>? V7#-443-5000 in fo jb Iearn; n g. co m w w w j bicam ing.com Jones & Bartlett Learning books and products urc available th rough most bookstores and online bookse...

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UGLY’S ELECTRIC MOTORS & CONTROLS Omar Al-Hamid

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ELECT RICAL REFERENCES 2014 EDIT ION Rey Bongalon

mot ores sumergibles Felipe Ruiz ElEct ric Mot ors Cont rol SySt emS Elect ric Mot ors and Cont rol Syst ems, First Edit ion Yasar Akman

UGLY’S ELECTRIC M O TO RS & C O N TRO LS

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TABLE OF CONTENTS The Left-H and R u le ...................................................................................................................1 M agn etic Field A round A C o il.................................................................................................2 E lectrom agne tic In d u c tio n ......................................................................................................3 The Left-H and R ule For G e n e ra to rs ..................................................................................4 B asic M otor O p e ra tio n ............................................................................................................. 5 B asic D C M otor: S peed C o n tro l............................................................................................6 C alculating S yn chrono us S p e e d ......................................................................................... 7 C alcu lating R unning S p e e d ................................................................................................... 7 AC M otor Operation at Over- and U n d e r-V o lta g e s......................................................... 8 DC M otor O peration at Over- and U n d e r-V o lta g e s......................................................... 9 M inim um Depth of C lear W orking Space in Front of Electrical E quipm ent......... 10 M inim um C learance of Live P a r t s ..................................................................................... 11 H orsep ow er R atings For N EM A S ta rte rs ........................................................................ 12 M axim um H o rs e p o w e r...........................................................................................................13 R unning O verload U n it s ........................................................................................................14 M otor Branch-C ircuit Protective Devices M axim um Rating or S e ttin g ................ 15 Full-Load Current For Direct-Current M otors in A m p e re s ........................................... 16 Full-Load Current For Single-Phase Alternating Current M otors in A m peres........... 17 T hree-P hase Alternating Current M otors Full-Load C u rre n t.......................................18 Full-Load C urrent and O ther Data For Three-Phase AC M otors............................ 19 M otor and M otor C ircuit C on ductor P ro te c tio n ....................................................20 G eneral M otor R u le s ..................................................................................................... 20 M otor B ranch-C ircuit and Feeder E x a m p le ................................................................... 21 G en era l M otor A p p lic a tio n s ..........................................................................................21 M axim um M otor Lo cke d-R otor C u r re n t.......................................................................... 22 M axim um M otor Locked-Rotor Current in Am peres, T w o & Three-Phase, Design B, C, and 0 ......................................................................... 22 O hm ’s L a w .................................................................................................................................23 Electrical Form ulas For C alculating Am peres, H orsepow er, Kilow atts, an d K V A ........................................................................................................25 To Find A m p e re s .................................................................................................................... 26 T o Find H o rse p o w e r............................................................................................................... 30 T o Find W a tls ............................................................................................................................ 31 T o Find K ilo w a tts ............... .....................................................................................................32 To Find K ilo vo lt-A m p e re s..................................................................................................... 33 K irchhoff’s La w s................................................................................................................33 To Find Indu cta nce................................................................................................................. 34 Inductance ( L ) ..................................................................................................................34 T o Find Im p e d a n c e ............................................................................................................... 35 Im pedance ( 2 ) ..................................................................................................................35 T o Find R e a cta n ce ..................................................................................................................36 R eactance ( X ) ..................................................................................................................36 S yn chrono us S p e e d ................................................................................................................37 S lip ................................................................................................................................................37 Lo cke d-R otor C urren t T h re e -P h a se ..................................................................................37 Lo cke d-R otor C urren t S in g le -P h a s e ............................................................................... 38 M otor F ra m e s ............................................................................................................................38

TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) Fram e D im ensions, in In ch e s...............................................................................................39 Fram e Letter D esig natio ns....................................................................................................40 Insulation C la s s e s .......................................... ........................................................................ 41 C om m on Electrical D istribution S y s te m s ........................................................................ 42 V oltage Drop Calculations, Inductance N e g lig ib le ..........................................................44 S ingle-Phase C ir c u it s ................................................................................................... 44 T hree-P hase C irc u its ...................................................................................................... 44 Voltage D rop C alculation E xa m p le s..................................................................................45 S ingle-P hase V oltage D ro p ......................................................................................... 47 T hree-P hase V oltage D r o p ..........................................................................................47 M axim um Perm issible C ap acito r K v a r............................................................................. 48 For U se W ith O pen-Type Three-P hase Sixty-Cycle Induction M otors......... 48 P ow e r-F actor C o r re c tio n ......................................................................................................49 Pow er Factor and Efficiency E x a m p le ............................................................................. 50 Lo cke d-R otor C ode L e tte r s .................................................................................................52 Single-P hase M o to rs ......................................................................................................53 Three-P hase M o to r s ......................................................................................................53 Three-Phase AC M otor W indings and C o n n e c tio n s .....................................................54 N EM A Enclosure T ypes N onhazardous L o c a tio n s ....................................................55 N E M A E nclosure Types H azard ous L o c a tio n s ........................................................... 59 U.S. W eights and M e a s u re s .............................................................................................. 60 Linear M e a s u re s ............................................................................................................. 60 M ile M e a s u re m e n ts ........................................................................................................ 60 O ther Linear M e a s u re m e n ts .......................................................................................60 Square M e a s u re s ...........................................................................................................60 C ubic o r Solid M e a s u re s ...............................................................................................61 Liquid M e a s u re m e n ts ....................................................................................................61 D ry M e a s u re s ...................................................................................................................61 W eight M easurem ents (M a ss)....................................................................................62 M etric S ys te m ............................................................................................................................63 P r e fix e s ..............................................................................................................................63 Linear M e a s u re s ............................................................................................................. 63 S quare M e a s u re s .......................................................................................................... 63 C ubic M e a s u re s............................................................................................................... 64 M easures of W e ig h t........................................................................................................65 M easure s o f C a p a c ity ...................................................................................................66 M etric D esig nator and T rade S iz e s ..................................................................................67 U.S. W eights an d M easure s/M etric Equivalent C h a rt.......................................67 Explanation of S cien tific N o ta tio n ............................................................................ 67 Useful C o n v e rs io n s /E q u iv a le n ts ...............................................................................68 D ecim al E qu ivalents................................................................................................................69 S ingle-P hase M o to r s ..............................................................................................................71 C a p acito r S tart M otor C ir c u it..............................................................................................73 D irect-C urren t M o to rs.............................................................................................................74 M otor S election C h e cklist......................................................................................................75 M otor S election C rite ria ........................................................................................................76 Typical Load Service F a c to rs.............................................................................................. 77

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued) O ve rcu rrent Protection For T w o or M ore M o to rs ........................................................ 78 O ve rcu rrent P rotection For M otors and O th e r L o ads.................................................79 Determ ining O ve rload S i z e ................................................................................................ 80 Determ ining C o n trolle r S iz e .................................................................................................81 M otors 2 H orsepower o r Less and 300 Volts or L e ss....................................................82 D eterm ining C on ductor S izes For Single-P hase M o to rs ......................................... 83 D eterm ining C on ductor Sizes For A djustable S peed D riv e s ..................................84 M otor and M otor-C ircu it C onductor P ro te ctio n .............................................................84 G eneral M otor R u le s ............................................................................................................ 85 M otor Branch C ircuit and F eeder E x a m p le .................................................................. 85 G eneral M otor A p p lic a tio n s .........................................................................................85 Approxim ate Torque Figures, C om pound DC M o to rs ..................................................87 Heater C orrections For Am bient T e m p e ra tu re s............................................................. 87 A pp roxim a te T o rque Figures, A C M o to rs....................................................................... 88 A pproxim ate Torque Figures, W ound R otor M o to r s ....................................................89 S izing Load C on ductors From G e n e ra to rs.....................................................................90 Electrical S afety D e fin itio n s .................................................................................................91 Electrical S afety C h e c k lis t...................................................................................................94 Electrical Safety Lockout-Tagout P ro c e d u re s ................................................................95 Application of Lo cko ut-T ag out D evices.....................................................................95 Rem oval of Lockout-Tagout D e v ic e s ....................................................................... 96 Electrical Safety Shock Protection B o u n d a rie s ............................................................. 97 Electrical Safety How to Read A W arning L a b e l........................................................... 98 M otor M a in te n a n c e -A n n u a l.................................................................................................99 Motor M aintenance-S em i-A nnual......................................................................................100 Pulley C a lc u la tio n s ..................................... .......................................................................... 101 D eterm ining Belt L e n g th ..................................................................................................... 102 H orsep ow er C a p a c itie s ..................................................................................................... 102 G e a r S izin g .............................................................................................................................. 103 D eterm ining Shaft D ia m e te r.............................................................................................. 103 G e a r R educers. ..................................................................................................................... 104 O utput T o r q u e ........................... ....................................................................................104 O utput S p e e d ..................................................................................................................104 O utput H o rs e p o w e r..................................................................................................... 104 M otor T o r q u e ...........................................................................