UNIT 2.2 Approaches TO Research PDF

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Here is my notes for lecture 2.1 to 2.3. My teacher is Sir Abuedo...

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UNIT 2.2 APPROACHES TO RESEARCH Surveys There are many research methods available to psychologists in their efforts to understand behavior Surveys are lists of questions to be answered b and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie research participants, and can be delivered as it. Some methods rely on observational techniques, paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administere while others involve interactions between researcher electronically, or conducted verbally. and subjects. Survey research allows researchers to Generally, the survey itself can be completed i short time, and the ease of administering a easily collect data from relatively large samples; this survey makes it easy to collect data from a larg allows for results to be generalized more easily. number of people. Correlational research can find a relationship between Surveys allow researchers to gather data from two variables, but the only way a researcher can claim larger samples than may be afforded by other that relationship is cause and effect is to perform an research methods experiment. Archival Research Clinical or Case Studies Some researchers gain access to large amount In 2011, the New York Times published a feature of data without interacting with a single resear story on Krista and Tatiana Hogan, Canadian twin participant. girls. This type of research approach is known as These particular twins are unique because Krista archival research. and Tatiana are conjoined twins, connected at the Archival research relies on looking at past head. records or data sets to look for interesting There is evidence that the two girls are connected patterns or relationships. in a part of the brain called the thalamus, which is a major sensory relay center. In observational research, scientists are conducting Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Research Longitudinal research is a research design in a clinical or case study when they focus on one which data-gathering is administered repeate person or just a few individuals. over an extended period of time. Obviously, when they focus their attention on a In cross-sectional research, a researcher very small number of people, they can gain a compares multiple segments of the population tremendous amount of insight into those cases. the same time. The richness of information that is collected in clinical or case studies is unmatched by any other single research method. Naturalistic Observation If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. But if we are committed to finding out the facts about hand washing, we have other options available to us...