Using vulnerability theory PDF

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Using vulnerability theory, assess whether genital cutting are inevitable or embedded inequalities, and how the state should structure its response. Fineman defines vulnerability as: ‘A universal, inevitable, enduring aspect of the human condition’ (1) We are social beings that we are ‘ontologically vulnerable’(2). Resilience allows humans to recover from harms through provision of resources. GENITAL CUTTIN GC Female genital mutilation(FGM)- Removes all/part of the female genital organs (3) Male genital mutilation(MGM)- Surgical removal of Foreskin from Penis (4) Intersex (IS)- Individuals born with hormonal, genital and chromosomal variances, placing them outside commonplace understanding of male and female. Embedded- deep rooted Or INEVITABLE: ‘intrinsic to the human condition’(5) MGM RELIGION: àreligious commitment = social connectedness. Those not circumcised= socially excluded & unequal access to existential resources, thus more vulnerable. LAW: laws acceptance of procedures (6) = issues of consent rendered invisible. à Medical benefits proven dubious. Law lowers resilience. Not considering potential vulnerabilities. MASCULINTY&PAIN: societal perceptions of risk. Dependent on contemporary notions of what harms are acceptable (7). •

Male body as invulnerable & safe.(8)

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Amplified levels of masculinity= respect&social resources.

FGM LAW: Illegal in UK. State increase resilience by recognising it’s wrong. à not carried out in medical conditions, thus greater exposure to harm. CULTURE: Without surgery women deemed: unattractive, thus lack community cohesion. - Affirmation of cultural identity. FAMILY: Ostracised from communities/rejected by parents. = ‘legal liberal subject’ lacks autonomy (hunter).

IS FAMLY: Minimising families stress & concern = priority Social benefits outweigh medical benefit of child. à Socially conditioned response- unsure on gender= upset society à try to ‘fix’ the child to conform to norms. EDUCATION: hostile environment. Jones et al- teacher bullying leads to drop out rates

LEGAL SCIENCE: absent from legal concern & constructed as medical ‘problem’ forestalling questions of identity and legal protect (9). HEALTHCARE:Goal= ‘normalize’ bodies through interventions & ensure they adhere to the sex binary (10). - Law aligning with biomedical discourse of intersex, depicting bodies as deviant & in need of taming. State responses: EDUCATIONà Working with communities & understanding experiences of harm, bringing intersex in contact with other intersex families- Allows families to ask questions in de pathologized environment. Forum for learning about GC. Positive role models into schools, & materials integrated into school curricula on subjects where gender & social issues addressed. CONSENT:Outright ban applying to all = formal equality. / age of consent MEDIA: information on issues, rights, consequences & possible responses (11). EMBEDDED-Constantly surrounded by societal norms that influence how we think. Equality must be universal & autonomy should be viewed as product of social policies. Above are examples of how GC embedded practice in society.

https://ideas.ted.com/how-showing-vulnerability-helps-build-a-stronger-team/ https://safety4sea.com/building-professional-resilience-a-quick-guide/ https://www.saleshacker.com/overcoming-sales-rejection/ https://www.lynda.com/IT-Infrastructure-tutorials/SSCP-Cert-Prep-4-Incident-ResponseRecovery/645054-2.html Daniel Coyle (2018), ‘How showing vulnerability helps build a stronger team’, < https://ideas.ted.com/how-showing-vulnerability-helpsbuild-a-stronger-team/> accessed, 9 Dec 2018 SAFETY4SEA,’ Building professional resilience: a quick guide ’, < https://safety4sea.com/building-professional-resilience-a-quick-guide/> accessed 8 Dec 2018 Carol Luong (2017), ‘Overcoming Sales Rejection: How to Turn Failure into Opportunity Every Single Time’ < https://www.saleshacker.com/overcoming-sales-rejection/> accessed 10 Dec 2018 ‘SSCP Cert Prep: 4 Incident Response and Recovery’ < https://www.lynda.com/IT-Infrastructure-tutorials/SSCP-Cert-Prep-4-IncidentResponse-Recovery/645054-2.html> accessed 7 Dec 2018

William Morrissey,’ Discover ideas about Ignoring Someone’, < https://www.pinterest.com/pin/366761963383016650/> accessed 10 Dec 2018

Daniel Coyle (2018), ‘How showing vulnerability helps build a stronger team’, < https://ideas.ted.com/how-showing-vulnerability-helpsbuild-a-stronger-team/> accessed, 9 Dec 2018 (3) Erin Dean ‘Female Genital Mutilation’ < https://journals.rcni.com/doi/abs/10.7748/ns.31.52.15.s15> accessed 7 Dec 2018 (1)Fineman, Martha Albertson (2008) 'The Vulnerable Subject: Anchoring Equality in the Human Condition' Yale Journal of Law & Feminism Vol 20: Iss 1, Article 2 (7)Fox, Marie and Thomson Michael.2005. A covenant with the status quo? Male circumcision and the new BMA guidance to doctors. Journal of medical ethics, Vol. 31 pp. 463-469 (8)Garland, F and Travis, M (2018) Legislating Intersex Equality: Building the Resilience of Intersex People through Law. Legal Studies < http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/128521/3/Legislating_Intersex_Equality_Building_the_Resilience_of_Intersex_People_through_Law_draft.pdf> accessed 5 Dec 2018 (2) Mianna Lotz (2016) ‘vulnerability and resilience: a critical nexus’ < https://0-link-springercom.wam.leeds.ac.uk/content/pdf/10.1007/s11017-016-9355-y.pdf> accessed 8 Dec 2018 (5 )M. Fox and M. Thomson, ‘OLDER MINORS AND CIRCUMCISION: QUESTIONING THE LIMITS OF RELIGIOUS ACTIONS’, < https://0-journalssagepub-com.wam.leeds.ac.uk/doi/pdf/10.1177/096853320800900402> accessed 6 Dec 2018 (6) M. Fox and M. Thomson (2005) ‘short changed? The law and ethics of male circumcision, ‘the international journal of children rights, Vol 13. Pp. 161-181. Myrias, ‘weighing scales with brass weights’, https://www.myriadonline.co.uk/product/weighing-scales-with-brass-weights/, accessed 9 Dec 2018 (4)NHS, ‘circumcision in boys’, < https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/circumcision-in-boys/> accessed 6 Dec 2018 SAFETY4SEA,’ Building professional resilience: a quick guide ’, < https://safety4sea.com/building-professional-resilience-a-quick-guide/> accessed 8 Dec 2018 ‘SSCP Cert Prep: 4 Incident Response and Recovery’ < https://www.lynda.com/IT-Infrastructure-tutorials/SSCP-Cert-Prep-4-IncidentResponse-Recovery/645054-2.html> accessed 7 Dec 2018 (9)United Nations Organisation, 'Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation, An Interagency Statement' accessed 31 November 2018 William Morrissey,’ Discover ideas about Ignoring Someone’, < https://www.pinterest.com/pin/366761963383016650/> accessed 10 Dec 2018

Daniel Coyle (2018), ‘How showing vulnerability helps build a stronger team’, < https://ideas.ted.com/how-showing-vulnerability-helps-build-a-str onger-team/ > accessed, 9 Dec 2018 Erin Dean ‘Female Genital Mutilation’ < https://journals.rcni.com/doi/abs/10.7748/ns.31.52.15.s15> accessed 7 Dec 2018 Fineman, Martha Albertson (2008) 'The Vulnerable Subject: Anchoring Equality in the Human Condition' Yale Journal of Law & Feminism Vol 20: Iss 1, Article 2 Fox, Marie and Thomson Michael.2005. A covenant with the status quo? Male circumcision and the new BMA guidance to doctors. Journal of medical ethics, Vol. 31 pp. 463-469 Garland, F and Travis, M (2018) Legislating Intersex Equality: Building the Resilience of Intersex People through Law. Legal Studies < http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/128521/3/Legislating_Intersex_Equ ality-_Building_the_Resilience_of_Intersex_People_through_Law_dr aft.pdf> accessed 5 Dec 2018 Mianna Lotz (2016) ‘vulnerability and resilience: a critical nexus’ < https://0-link-springer-com.wam.leeds.ac.uk/content/pdf/10.1007 /s11017-016-9355-y.pdf > accessed 8 Dec 2018 M. Fox and M. Thomson, ‘OLDER MINORS AND CIRCUMCISION: QUESTIONING THE LIMITS OF RELIGIOUS ACTIONS’, < https://0-journals-sagepub-com.wam.leeds.ac.uk/doi/pdf/10.11 77/096853320800900402 > accessed 6 Dec 2018 M. Fox and M. Thomson (2005) ‘short changed? The law and ethics of male circumcision, ‘the international journal of children rights, Vol 13. Pp. 161-181. Myrias, ‘weighing scales with brass weights’, https://www.myriadonline.co.uk/product/weighing-scales-with-bra ss-weights/ , accessed 9 Dec 2018 NHS, ‘circumcision in boys’, < https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/circumcision-in-boys/> accessed 6 Dec 2018 SAFETY4SEA,’ Building professional resilience: a quick guide ’, < https //safety4sea com/building professional resilience a quick gui...