11 Central Asia - quiz study material PDF

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Central Asia 11.1 Ottoman Architecture-Sinan ● Reminder : When Rome’s westerm empire falls, the eastern empire continuous ● Become Islamic side(原本是 Rome->基督教->伊斯兰教） ● Ottoman Empire

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Yesil Camii (Green Mosque) ■ Central space(中间的那个圆） ■

Qibla wall （上面的那个圆），facing towards Mecca

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Three side open areas are called Iwan ●

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Characteristic features of mosque period

One lesson they learned from Rome forbear is way to control and organize population through architecture work

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Build ridges

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Engineering school

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Training builder

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As a way to maintain orders

Soltin as they expanded through military conquest ■

Bring back young boys kill their parents, then educate them

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当时那些少年就知道那些 military 的人杀了他们父母，但是他们的生长环 境比之前好，但是最后还是 soltin 的奴隶

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Mimar Sinan 就是当时其中一个少年 ●

学了很多关于建筑的知识因为他去了很多地方

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Arrange 了很多桥的结构（acqueduct）

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Suleiman the Magnificent 就注意到他了

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Gives Sinan permission for interior design of Sehzade Mosque

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(sehzade Mosque) ■

Prototype of surfears(听着像这个音不确定） to make

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Rest upon Square structure

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Domes

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Suleiman the Magnificent tries to integrate himself as ruler ●

Renovate the dome of the mosque, has finger print of himself

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Ask Sinan make a mosque for name after him

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(suleymaniye Mosque) ■

Foundation tooks 4 years

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Artificial mountain

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Large forecourt

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Series of domes

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Places to make abolustion（？）就进去之前洗脚洗手保持干净

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Windows on the bottom of the dome for lights to come in

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Walls are enclosure

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Islamic continuous in early Jewish tradition

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Brough stones around the empire

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Use muqarnas

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Sinan is a character

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Suleymanie walks in and see Sinan relaxing

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Alots ventilation (排风系统？）

(Suleymaniye Mosque and Imaret, Istanbu) ■

Imaret-Philanthropic institution including, soup kitchen, madrasas, public fountains, law school, medical school, hospital, hospice, caravanserai, bath house, residences, tombs

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Kinda like campus

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Civic institution

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Tomb of Sultan Suleyman

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At the center of it

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Hexagonal building- (dome of rock)

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Arches, centralize plan

Waqf- charitable endowment, based on ideals of charity described in the koran

11.2 Mughal Architecture ●

Mughal empire 1526-1858 ○

Founded by Babur, from central Asia, related to Mongol chef Genghis Khan and Timur, founder of the Timurid dynasty in western and central Asia, 1370-1507

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Islamic but tolerant of multi-religious, multi-ethnic, multilingual population

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Imperial system: palaces, forts, roads, bridges, caravanserais, royal tombs, grand mosques, royal gardens

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Synthesized cultural traditions ■

Central Asia (Islamic formal vocabulary, royal tombs)

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Persian (emphasis on geometry, monumental architecture,

gardens) ■ ○

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Classic period ■

Akbar

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Jahangir

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Shah Jahan

Mughal empire is incredibly rich ■

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Indian traditions (details, craftsmanship)

20-25% of global wealth

Fatehpur Sikri, India

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(by Akbar) ■

Long, Sandstone ridge

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Akbar is childless ●

Went to visit holy homic (?)他本来有个孩子的，但是后 来死了，就给他在这建了个墓

Jami’ Masjid was initially on this ridge ■

Build himself a palace ●

Series of compounds

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Major and minor axis

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(箭头）Salim Cheshti tomb

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(右图）marble brackets

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Series of chattri

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Akbar built Buland Darwaza ○

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Celebrate victory so build this

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Right on edge of sandstone ridge

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Victory gate

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Steps down, no higher or lower than mosque

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( Panch mahal, Fatepur Sikri) ○

Sandstone building

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Place to hangout and sleep sometimes

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Unique structure

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Open floors and open portical

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(Anup Talao courtyard with Diwan-i-Khas in the background) ■

Courtyard and water fountain

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Center walking over water

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Entertainment ●

Dancer and Singer (就这个人在表

演的时候这个地方的灯就会发光） ○

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Diwan-i khas

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Detail jali lattice screen of carved stone

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Solid sandstone columns 很细致的雕刻 ●

Walk way

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如果对 akbar 有什么个人请求就站在 这

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Humanyun’s tomb and Chahar Bagh, Delhi, Mirak Mirza and Sayyed Mirza ○

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Humayun 是 akbar 他爹

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Surrounded by Chahar Bagh

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Chahar Bagh is garden design to be an image of paradise

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8 gates vision of paradise

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Subdivide by walkways and waterways by them, and subdivide to elements

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Almost like secret mountain arise

(Tomb of

○ Humayun） ■

Red sandstone

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White marble

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Thousand of rooms underneath

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Garden itself is kinda a representation of paradise create through subdivision

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Building itself has 8 chambers radiate from center room

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High dome

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8 sided element

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Interior shot

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Cenotaph of empire (memorial someone who’s body is not there)

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Iwan on the side (3 sided arch)

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6 pointed star ( interest of Humayun)

Shah Jahan, Humayun’s grandson

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(shah Jahan mosque) ○

Mosque of 100 domes

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His nickname is flower of justice 哈哈哈哈哈哈 绝了

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5 domes ○

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Red fort

Paradise himself

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dense on the left, large population

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Lahori Gate（左下角） ○

Chartt

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Mugal architecture

Red Fort is right along the river ●

And along with serious of loyal tombs ○

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Tombs of wealthy gov’t

High profile way

Shah Jahan build a building a side of the river ●

You can see it from red fort

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为了他第一任妻子建的

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他的第一任妻子是难产去世的，然后就给他建了这个楼 ○

Taj Mahal

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左边是 Yamuna river

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4 minarets

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Central dome and central Iwan and side iwans

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Continuous commercial

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Shares formal features

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All sandstone

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Top is marbles

On the side of taj Mahal ■

Left is mosque

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Right is Jawab

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Guest house, “Jawab” means response ●

Keep symmetry

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Self indiciation

Chahar bagh: 4 part garden, an image of paradise

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Entrance gate ■

Iwans

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View of Taj Mahal

Taj Mahal ■ ■

Chharti

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Minarets - heavier

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Plinth

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chamfer

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Uniform characters

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Visual difference

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Unfold as you approach it

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Jali lattice

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Arabic writing ●

About flower, growth

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Marbles all throughout

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All plant motifs of flowers growing

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Also represent great power...