5. Il processo metodologico e le tecniche di servizio sociale PDF

Preview

Summary

Download 5. Il processo metodologico e le tecniche di servizio sociale PDF

Description

5.I lpr ocessome t odol ogi coel et ecni c hediser vi z i osoci al e I lme t odoèi lpr ocedi ment oat t oagar ant i r e,sulpi anot eor i coepr at i co,i lsoddi sf acent e r i sul t at odiunl avor o.Èl as t r ut t ur al ogi caement al econcuiunpr obl emavi ene affr ont at oesuccessi vament er i sol t o.Ognipr of essi oneècar at t er i z zat adalpr opr i o pr ocessomet odol ogi co,ne lser vi zi osoci al eques t ’ ul t i moèsot t opost oadunacont i nua v er i ficane l l apr assipr of essi onal eeacont i nuecr i t i c heperconcor dar echesi aancor a adat t oal l apr of essi onediassi s t ent esoci al e.I lpr oc essomet odol ogi codelservi zi osoc i al e ha,appunt o,unast r ut t ur aci r col ar echevedepar t eci pe,l at eor i a,l apr assi ,l at eor i a,l a pr assiei nfinel ar i flessi one:

Ri flessi one

Teor i a

Pr assi

Pr assi

Teor i a Lavor ar eseguendounpr oc essomet odol ogi coper me t t edievi t ar el ’ i mpr ovvi sazi oneel a sval ut az i onepr of essi onal e.Essoèadat t oaqual si asit i podil av or one l l ’ ambi t odelser vi zi o soci al e:coni lsi ngol o,coni lgr uppo,conl acomuni t à,conl ’ i s t i t uz i one,neiser vi zi pubbl i ci ,pr i vat i ,ne lv ol ont ar i at oene l l al i ber apr of essi one.I lpr ocessomet odol ogi coèun pr ocessod’ ai ut ocher i guar dal aper sonaoipr obl emisoci al ii ncuisonocoi nvol t el e per sone,perques t omot i voal l abasediquest ome t odovièl acost r uzi onediunar e l azi one d’ ai ut oconl aper sona,r i spe t t andol asuadi gni t àef ondandol asul l ’ empat i a.I lpr oc esso d’ ai ut o,i nques t ocasor appor t at osol oedesc l usi vament eal l ’ assi st ent esoci al e,si suddi vi dei ndi ver sef asi : 1.I ndi vi duazi oneor i conosci ment odelbi sognoi ndi vi dual eesoci al e:I nunpr i mo moment ol ’ assi st ent esoci al edevecompr ender ei lpr obl ema,nonsempr eper òesso èf aci l ment ecompr ens i bi l e.Nelcasoi ncuiessononl osi a,l ’ assi st ent esoci al e pr ovaacompr ender l oat t r aver sounar i flessi onechepuòesser esi ngol aodi gr uppo.Dopoaveri ndi vi duat oecompr esoi lpr obl ema,l ’ assi st ent esoci al edovr à val ut ar eseessor i ent r anel l epr opr i ecompe t enze ,qui ndiser i ent r ane l l abasedei suoicompi t ipr of essi onal ioi nquel l adel l ’ or gani z z az i onei ncuil av or a.Seci ònonsi v er i fica,l ’ assi s t ent esoci al edovr ài ndi r i z z ar el ’ ut ent ei nst r ut t ur ec hepossano r i sol ver el asuapr obl emat i ca. 2.Lar acc ol t adii nf or mazi oniedat iperunapr i maanal i side l l asi t uaz i one: l ’ assi st ent esoci al edever accogl i er ei nf or mazi onii nunpr i momoment odal l ’ ut ent e esuccessi vament edaal t r ef ont ichepossonoesser eipar ent i ,ivi ci ni ,gl i i nsegnant iodaal t r iassi s t ent isoci al ic hepr ecedent ement ehannol avor at oconl o s t essout ent e.Lar accol t adii nf or mazi oni ,didocument iedidat inondovr àesser e casual e,bensìmi r at aalpr obl emai ndi vi duat o.Tut t oques t odovr àsv ol ger siconi l per messodel l ’ ut ent e,ne lr i spet t odel l asuapr i vacyedelsegr e t opr of essi onal e comepr evi st odalCodi cedeont ol ogi co. 3.Laf asede l l aval ut az i oneodi agnosisoci al e:i nques t af aset ut t el ei nf or maz i oni ,i document iel ei mpr essi onide l l ’ assi st ent esoci al evengonocal col at e compl essi vament ei nun’ ot t i capr of essi onal e.Al l afinediquest af ase,l ’ assi st ent e soci al epot r àconcor dar econl ’ ut ent eunmodoperi nt er veni r eer i sol ver el a pr obl emat i ca.

4.Lase l ezi onedegl iobi et t i vi ,l af or mul azi onedelpi anoei lcont r at t o:i nque st af ase v engonof or mul at el est r at egi eperr aggi unger egl iobi e t t i viei nfinever r às t i pul at o unver oepr opr i ocont r at t ochespeci fic hiicompi t i ,it empiel emodal i t àc he subent r er annonelr appor t ot r aassi st ent esoci al eeut ent e. 5.L’ at t uaz i onedelpi anodil avor o:i nquest af asesiat t i vanoi nmodopr at i col e modal i t àde lcont r at t o. 6.Lav er i ficadel l ’ andament odelpr ocesso:dur ant et ut t oi lpr ocessol ’ assi st ent e soci al edovr àme t t er esempr ei ndubbi odipot err aggi unger eir i sul t at ipr evi s t iper nonper der edivi s t agl iobi et t i vis t abi l i t i .I nques t af asever r àai ut at odaassi st ent i soci al iest er ninoncoi nv ol t ine l l edi nami chedelpr oc essodil avor o.Peresser e agevol at oi nques t af ase,l ’ assi st ent esoci al edovr àdoc ument ar e,nel l escor sef asi , t ut t iipr ogr essioir egr essidell av or o. 7.Laconc l usi onedelpr ocessodiai ut o:i nques t af asesiver i ficac heir i sul t at isi ano s t at ir aggi unt ineit empipr evi st i ,i nques t ocasover r àr i por t at ot ut t oal l ’ ut ent ei n modot al echel afinedelpr ocessosit r asf or mii nunmoment oev ol ut i vodel l a per sonai ngr adodiut i l i z z ar l oi ndi vi dual ment ene l l avi t aquot i di ana.I lpr ocessodi ai ut opuòi nt er r omper sianc heneicasii ncuil ’ ut ent edeci dadii nt er r omper l oone l casoi ncuil ’ ut ent eveni ssei ndi r i zz at oi nal t r es t r ut t ur e. Ne l l apr of essi onediassi st ent esoci al et r ovi amodi ver sir uol i ,pr ocessioi nt er vent i ,t r acui : I n t e r v e n t i d i c a s e ma n a g e me n t : I l c a s e ma n a g e me n t è l ' i n s i e me c o o r d i n a t o d e l l e  oper az i oniedeipr oc essivol t iagar ant i r ec heunassi st i t or i cevaiser vi zidicuiha bi sognonelmodomi gl i or epossi bi l e,si adalpunt odivi st ade l l ' efficaci asani t ar i a c hedaque l l odel l ' ot t i mi z z azi oneeconomi ca.Icompi t idibasede lcase managementi nc l udono:l ' effet t i vaval ut az i onedelbi sognode l l ' assi st i t o,l acur ae l api ani ficazi one,l ' i mpl ement az i onedelser vi zi oel ar evi si oneper i odi cade l l ost at o diavanz ament odel l acur a.Tut t oques t osisv ol geat t r av er sol ' assegnaz i oneai paz i ent idiunpr of essi oni st a( ocasemanger )c hesappi aassol ver eaquest i compi t i .I lcasemanagerèunaf unzi oneenonunaver aepr opr i aqual i fica,per ci ò puòesser eeser ci t at adadi v er s ipr of essi oni st icomeassi st ent isoci al i ,i nf er mi er i , educat or iemedi ci .Ques t ot i podii nt erv ent ovi eneat t i vat opr eval ent ement enei casicompl essi ,cher i c hi edonol ’ i nt er vent odipi ùpr of essi oni st iedipi ùservi zi appar t enent ial l eASL,aicomuniealt er z ose t t or e. azi onef ami l i ar e:Lamedi azi onef ami l i ar eèunservi zi odedi cat o  Lamedi uni cament eal l ’ assi st enz aal l ef ami gl i e,perevi t ar echeques t ’ ul t i meaffr ont i noda sol ecasidisepar azi onesenzal ’ ai ut odeiser vi zi .Essaconsi st enel l a r i or gani z z azi onedel l er e l azi onif ami l i ar ii nvi st aoi nsegui t oal l asepar az i one f ami l i ar eoaldi v or z i o.I nques t ocont est ol ’ oper at or ehai lcompi t odif arsìchei geni t or isvi l uppi nol asepar az i onei nf avor edisést essiedeipr opr ifigl i , eser ci t andol acomuner esponsabi l i t àgeni t or i al e.Lamedi azi onef ami l i ar epuò esser eat t uat adagl ioper at or ispeci al i z z at ii nmedi az i onef ami l i ar epr essounodei cent r if or mat i viappar t enent eal l aSI MEF( Soci e t ài t al i anadimedi az i onef ami l i ar e) . Aspeci al i z z ar sii nmedi azi onef ami l i ar esonopr eval ent ement egl ipsi col ogiegl i assi st ent isoci al i .  I ll avor od’ équi pe:I ll av or od’ équi peèunl av or ocondot t odauni nsi emedi pr of essi oni st iavent iunobi e t t i v oi ncomunechevi eneaffr ont at ooper andoi n gr uppo.Sidevet enerpr esent ec hei ll avor oi néqui penonsi gni ficac het ut t i possonof ar ei ll av or odit ut t i .Ognipr of essi onal i t à,i nf at t i ,dev emant ener el a pr opr i as peci ficacompe t enz aconf r ont andosiconquel l aal t r uiecont r i buendo al l ’ e l abor az i onediunapr opos t adii nt er vent o.I ll avor oi néqui pe,qui ndi ,cer cadi f arcombaci ar es peci al i z z azi onepr of essi onal e,cosci enz acol l et t i vade ll av or oe coi nvol gi ment odel l acomuni t à.Lacompos i zi onediungr uppodioper at or inonè casual emaobbedi sceal l eesi genzeeal l ecar at t er i st i chedel l ' ambi ent eeal l a comuni t àne l l equal ioper a,nonc héal l af unzi onechedevesvol ger eper

ques t ' ul t i ma.Nell avor od’ équi pe,l ’ assi s t ent esoci al echehaf unzi oni :di consul enza,suppor t oeassi st enzaal l ef ami gl i eer appor t iconl ascuol a.I nol t r e, col l abor aal l ' or gani z z azi oneeal l apr omozi onedeiser vi zi ,sioc cupadelSer vi z i o soci al edior i ent ament oesioccupade l l epr at i che.  I lr i skmanagement :I lr i skmanagementèl ’ i nsi emedeipr ocessiat t r aver soiqual isi i dent i fica,anal i z z a,quant i fica,el i mi naemoni t or air i schil egat iadunde t er mi nat o pr ocessopr odut t i vo.Essohal ’ obi e t t i vodievi t ar ei lr i pet er sidiavv eni ment i avver si .Nel l ’ ambi t ocl i ni co,consi st ene l l ’ evi t ar ec hei lpaz i ent esubi scadanni , anc hesei nvol ont ar i ,acausadel l ecur eaffidat egl i ....