6- Medical Terminology Rules WKST 97-03 version (1) PDF

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How to decypher what a medical term means...

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WELCOME TO MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY Medicine has a language of its own. Current medical vocabulary includes terms used by Aristotle 2000 years ago. The majority of medical terms used today come from Greek and Latin word parts. Throughout the year, we will be learning word parts and how they fit together to create medical terms for each unit we study. Objectives for Chapter 1: After you have completed this chapter, you will be able to: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Identify and define the four word parts Identify and define combining forms Analyze and define medical terms Build medical terms for given definitions

Four Word Parts: parts: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Most medical terms consist of some or all of the following word

word roots suffixes prefixes combining vowels

1. WORD ROOT: The word root is the word part that contains the fundamental MEANING of the word. Example: in the word… play/er, play is the word root Example: in the medical term… arthr/itis, arthr (which means joint) is the word root ****BECAUSE the word root contains the meaning, each medical term contains one or more word roots. Complete the following sentence: A word root is _______________________

2. SUFFIX: The suffix is a word part attached to the end of the word root to change its MEANING. Example: in the word….play/er, er is the suffix Example: in the medical term…. Arthr/itis, itis (which means inflammation) is the suffix *** The suffix is used to modify the meaning of a word; therefore, not all medical terms have a suffix. Complete the following sentence: The suffix is: _______________________________

3. PREFIX: The prefix is a word part attached to the beginning of a word root to change its MEANING. Example: in the word…. re/play, re is the prefix Example: in the medical term… sub/hepat/ic, sub (which means under) is the prefix Hepat is the word root for liver, and –ic is the suffix for pertaining to, so the medical term subhepatic means pertaining to under the liver. Example: in the medical term…. Intra/ven/ous, intra- (which means within) is the __________________ ven- (which means vein) is the __________________ -ous (which means pertaining to) is the __________________ The word intravenous means pertaining to within the vein. ***A PREFIX may be used to modify the meaning of a work; therefore, not all medical terms have a prefix. Complete the following sentence: The prefix is _____________________________ ______________________________________________________________________

4. COMBINING VOWEL: Is usually an O, and is used between two word roots or between a word root and a suffix for pronunciation. The combining vowel is NOT used between a prefix and a word root. GUIDELINES FOR USING COMBINING VOWELS: 1. When you are connecting a word root and a suffix, a combining vowel is usually not used if the suffix begins with a vowel. Example: in the word… hepat/ic, the suffix –ic begins with the vowel i, therefore a combining vowel is not used. 2. When you are connecting two word roots, a combining vowel is usually used even if vowels are present at the connection. Example: in the word… oste/o/arthr/itis, o is the combining vowel used between the two word roots, even though oste ends in a vowel and arthr begins with a vowel. Complete the following sentence: A combining vowel is ______________________ ___________________________________________________________________ COMBINING FORM: Is a word root with the combining vowel attached. Example: arthr/o, oste/o, ven/o EXERCISE 1: Match the correct phrase in the first column with the correct term in the second column. _____1. Attached at the beginning of a word root

A. combining vowel

_____2. Usually an O

B. prefix

_____3. All medical terms contain one or more

C. combining form

_____4. Attached at the end of a word root

D. word root

_____5. Word root with combining vowel attached

E. suffix

EXERCISE 2: Answer T for true and F for false. _____1. There is always a prefix at the beginning of a medical term. _____2. A combining vowel is always used when combining a word root and a suffix. _____3. A prefix changes the meaning of the word. _____4. A combining vowel is used to ease pronunciation. _____5. I is the most commonly used combining vowel. _____6. The word root is the core of a medical term. _____7. A combining vowel is used between a prefix and a word root. _____8. A combining form is a word root with a vowel. ANALYZING AND DEFINING MEDICAL TERMS: ANALYZING: To analyze medical terms: 1. divide the medical terms into word parts; 2. label each word part; 3. label the combining forms. 1. DIVIDE THE TERM INTO WORD PARTS WITH VERTICAL SLASHES. Example: osteoarthropathy

oste/o/arthr/o/pathy

2. LABEL EACH WORD PART BY USING THE FOLLOWING ABBREVIATIONS. WR- WORD ROOT Example:

P-PREFIX

S-SUFFIX

CV-COMBINING VOWEL

WR CV WR CV S Oste/ o / arthr / o / pathy

3. LABEL THE COMBINING FORMS Example:

WR CV WR CV S Oste/ o / arthr / o / pathy CF CF

EXERCISE 3: Analyze the following medical terms (use the table on the next page for help) 1. arthritis

2. hepatitis

3. arthropathy

4. subhepatic

5. intravenous

6. osteitis

DEFINING: To define a medical term; apply the meaning of each word part in the term. ****A HELPFUL RULE: Begin by defining the suffix, then move to the beginning of the term to complete the definition. (Doesn’t work with all terms). Apply this rule to define the word oste/o/arthr/o/pathy. Use the key to find the meaning of the word parts: ____________________________________ COMBINING FORMS Arth o Hepat o Ven o Oste o PREFIXES IntraSubSUFFIXES -itis -ic -ous -pathy COMBINING VOWEL

DEFINITIONS Joint Liver Vein Bone Within Under Inflammation Pertaining to Pertaining to Disease O

EXERCISE 4: Define the following medical terms using the table above. Arthritis: __________________________________________________________ Hepatitis:__________________________________________________________ Subhepatic: _______________________________________________________ Intravenous: _______________________________________________________ Arthropathy: _______________________________________________________ Osteitis: __________________________________________________________

Building Medical Terms Using word parts to build a medical term that matches the definition Example: disease of a joint

_________/____/____________ wr cv s

Step 1- find the word part for disease and write it in the correct space (hint is the word part a root, prefix, or suffix) Step 2- find the word part for joint Step 3- check to see if the suffix begins with a vowel, is a combining vowel needed Exercise 5: Using the table from before, continue building medical terms to match the definitions. (Hint keep in mind that the beginning of the definition usually indicates the suffix) 1. inflammation of the joint: ____________/____________ wr s 2.pertaining to the liver:

_____________/____________ wr s

3. pertaining to under the liver: ___________/_______________/__________ p wr s 4. pertaining to within the vein: ___________/____________/___________ p wr s 5. inflammation of the bone:

____________/____________ wr s

6. disease of the bone and joint:

__________/____/_________/____/__________ wr cv wr cv s

It is extremely important that you can: 1. 2. 3. 4.

Identify and define the four word parts Identify and define a combining form Can use word parts to analyze and define medical terms Can use word parts to build medical terms for a given definition...