Anatomy and physiology 1 lab exercise 9 and 10 lab document PDF

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Lab document with information filled out as well as correct answers provided. This is for Anatomy and Physiology 1 lab, not Anatomy and Physiology 2....

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BSC 1085L Lab #6 Appendicular Skeleton and Articulations Exercise 9

The Appendicular skeleton

Upon completion of this lab exercise the student will be able to: 1. Identify all the bones of the pectoral and pelvic girdles and their attached limbs and the bone landmarks listed on Appendicular Skeleton Bones and Selected Bone Landmarks, from individual bones, an articulated skeleton, or drawings. Appendicular Skeleton Bones and Selected Bone Landmarks Pectoral Girdle Scapula (R & L) scapular notch Acromion process Glenoid cavity Clavicle Ilium Arm Iliac crest Humerus (R & L) Ischium Head Ischial tuberosity Olecranon fossa Pubis Lateral epicondyle Pubic symphysis Medial epicondyle Pubic arch Radius Leg Styloid process Femur (R & L) Femora—plural Radial tuberosity Head Ulna Greater trochanter Olecranon process Lateral epicondyle Trochlear notch Medial epicondyle Carpals (Trapezium, Scaphoid, Lunate, Tibia Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate, Pisiform, Medial condyle Triquetrum Lateral condyle Metacarpals Medial malleolus Phalanges Fibula Head Lateral malleolus Tarsals (Talus, Calcaneous, Navicular, Cuboid, Lateral cuneiform, Intermediate Cuneiform, Medial cuneiform) Pelvic Girdle Coxal Bone (R & L) Metatarsals Obturator foramen Phalanges Acetabulum Patella

2. Describe the structural differences between a male and a female pelvis by describing the pelvic brim and pubic arch of each gender- The female pelvis is larger and broader than the male pelvis, which is taller, narrower, and more compact. The distance between the ischium bones is small in males. This results in the female inlet being large and oval in shape, while the male inlet is more heart shaped. Exercise 10 Articulations and Body Movements 1. Categorize these joint types: fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial based on structure and mobility. Fibrous Structure and Mobility- Adjoining bones connected by dense fibrous connective tissue; no joint cavity. Cannot move. Cartilaginous Structure and Mobility- Adjoining bones united by cartilage; no joint cavity. More movement between bones than a fibrous joint. Synovial Structure and Mobility- Adjoining bones covered in articular cartilage; separated by joint cavity and enclosed in an articular capsule lined with a synovial membrane. Achieve movement at the point of contact of the articulating bones; allow bones to slide past each other or to rotate around each other. 2. Define: Articulation- An articulation, or joint, is usually formed of fibrous connective tissue and cartilage. Origin- is the other point of attachment, but it is usually more of an anchoring point than a point of movement Insertion- describes the point of attachment in a muscle where more movement occurs 3. Label the figure “A” of a synovial joint with these parts: fibrous layer, articular cartilage, bone periosteum, tendon, synovial membrane, and cavity with synovial fluid

(A) Left (top to bottom): Bone Periosteum, Ligament, Joint Cavity (w/ synovial fluid), Articular Cartilage, Fibrous Layer, Synovial Membrane. (B) Right (top to bottom): Hyaline cartilage, Humerus, Scapula. 4.Explain the joint movements found in activity 6

Circumduction- compound circular movement. Flexion- decreases the joint angle, occurring in sagittal plane around a mediolateral axis; to bend or flex. Extension- increases the joint angle, occurring in sagittal plane around a mediolateral axis; to straighten. Abduction- movement away from the midline of the body, occurring in the frontal plane around an anteroposterior axis; usually applies to limbs; distal, out, away. Adduction- movement toward the midline of the body; occurring in the frontal plane around an anteroposterior axis; usually applies to limbs; in, squeeze, medial. Rotation- movement around a longitudinal axis and in the transverse plane either toward or away from the midline. Pronation- rotational movement in the transverse plane about a longitudinal axis that results in the palm facing downward; combined movements abduction and eversion. Supination- rotational movement in the transverse plane around a longitudinal axis that results in the palm facing upward; combined movements adduction and inversion. Inversion- turning the sole of the foot toward the body, midline; adducting the sole; inward. Eversion- turning the sole of the foot away from the body, midline; outward; abducting the sole. Dorsiflexion- flexion at the ankle joint; toe up; toward body in sagittal plane. Plantar flexion- extension at the ankle joint; down; away from body in sagittal plane. 5.Using the supplied articulation models, identify them by type of synovial joint (pg 110) and describe the types of movement available at each. Fill out chart for activity 7...