Anatomy exam 1 review 2 PDF

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Jordan Brache September 12, 2015 KRS 113 Exam #1 Assess Your Learning Outcomes

Chapter 1: The Study of Anatomy and Physiology Testing Your Recall 1. Structure that can be observed with the naked eye is called… 

Gross anatomy

2. The method of medical imaging that exposes a person to radio waves is… 

Radiology

3. The tarsal region is ______ to the popliteal region. 

Distal

4. Which of the following regions is not part of the upper limb? 

Popliteal

5. Which of the following is not an organ system? 

Immune system

6. In which area do you think pain from the gallbladder would be felt? 

The right upper quadrant

7. Which of these organs is intraperitoneal? 

The stomach

8. The lining of the abdominal cavity is… 

The peritoneum

9. The word root patho- means…



Disease

10. The prefix epi- means… 

Above

11. When a doctor presses on the abdomen to feel the size and texture of the liver, he or she is using a technique of physical examination called palpation. 12. A method of medical imaging that uses X-rays and a computer to generate an image of a thin slice of the body is called computed tomography. 13. Most physiological mechanisms serve the purpose of homeostasis, maintaining a stable internal environment in the body. 14. A/an organ is the simplest body structure to be composed of two or more types of tissue. 15. The carpal region is more commonly known as the wrist, and the tarsal region is more commonly known as the foot. 16. In standard directional terms, the sternal region is dorsal to the pectoral region. 17. The layer of peritoneum facing the body wall is called the parietal peritoneum, and the layer on the surface of an internal organ is called the visceral peritoneum layer. 18. Homeostasis is maintained by a cycle of events called a negative feedback, in which the body senses a change and activates mechanisms to minimize or reverse it. 19. The directional terms of human anatomy assume that a person is in anatomical position, which means standing upright with the feet together and the palms, face, and eyes forward. 20. The elbow is said to be superior to the wrist because it is closer to the upper limb’s point of origin. True or False

2. The diaphragm is inferior to the liver. 4. Pleural and pericardial cavities are lined with serous membranes. 5. Abnormal skin appearances are discerned by inspection. 8. Negative feedback is necessary to maintain homeostasis. 9. There are multiple organelles in each cell.

Chapter 2: Life, Matter, and Energy Testing Your Recall 1. A substance that _____ is considered to be a chemical compound. 

Contains at least two different atoms

2. An ionic bond is formed when … 

An anion interacts with a cation.

3. The ionization of a sodium atom to produce Na+ is an example of… 

Oxidation

4. The weakest chemical bonds, easily disrupted by temperature and pH changes, are…\ 

Hydrogen bonds

5. A substance capable of dissolving freely in water is… 

Hydrophilic

6. A carboxyl group is symbolized… 

-COOH

7. The only polysaccharide synthesized in the human body is… 

Glycogen

8. Disulfide bonds are sometimes important in stabilizing the three-dimensional shape of… 

Proteins

9. Which of the following functions is more characteristic of carbohydrates that of proteins? 

Energy storage

10. The feature that most distinguishes a lipid from a carbohydrate is that a lipid has… 

A lower ration of oxygen to hydrogen

11. When an atom gives up an electron and acquires a positive charge, it becomes a/an…



Cation

12. Dietary antioxidants are important because they neutralize… 

Free radicals

13. Any substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed by it is a /an ______. In the human body, _____ serve this function. 

Catalyst; enzyme

14. All the synthesis reactions in the body form a division of metabolism called… 

Anabolism

15. A chemical reaction that produces water as a by-product is called… 

Dehydration synthesis

16. The suffix______ denotes a sugar, while the suffix ______ denotes an enzyme. 

-ose; -ase

17. The amphipathic lipids of cell membranes are called… 

Phospholipids

18. ______ is a nucleotide highly important in transferring energy from one chemical reaction pathway to another. 

ATP

19. Metabolic reactions that break down large molecules into smaller ones and release energy are called… 

Decomposition reactions

20. A substance acted upon and changed by an enzyme is called the enzyme’s…  True or False

Substrate

1. Monomers of a polysaccharide are monosaccharides. 3. ATP isn’t made for long- term energy storage duties. 6. Saturated fats are not allowed to add another hydrogen. 8. It is impossible for humans to digest cellulose. 9. Isomers don’t have identical properties because they have different properties.

Chapter 3: Cytology Testing Your Recall 1. The clear, structure less gel in a cell is its… 

Cytosol

2. New nuclei form and a cell begins to pinch in two during… 

Metaphase

3. The amount of _____ in a plasma membrane affects its fluidity. 

Cholesterol

4. Cells specialized for absorption of matter from the extracellular fluid are likely to show an abundance of… 

Microvilli

5. A ____ serves as a mechanical linkage between adjacent cells but does not obstruct the movement of materials through the space between cells. 

Desmosome

6. The word root phago- means… 

Eating

7. The amount of DNA in a cell doubles during… 

The S phase

8. Fusion of a secretory vesicle with the plasma membrane and release of the vesicle’s contents is… 

Exocytosis

9. Most cellular membranes are made by… 

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

10. Which of the following is/ are not involved in protein synthesis? 

Codons

11. Most human cells are 10 to 15 ____ wide. 

Micrometers

12. When a hormone cannot enter a cell, it binds to a _____ at the cell surface. 

Second messenger

13. _______ are channels in the plasma membrane that open or close in response to various stimuli. 

Gates

14. Cells are somewhat protected from mechanical trauma by a spongy carbohydrate surface coat called the _____. 

Glycocalyx

15. The separation of sister chromatids from each other marks the _____ stage of mitosis. 

Anaphase

16. The majority of molecules that compose the plasma membrane are… 

Phospholipids

17. Two human organelles that are surrounded by a double membrane are the _____ and _____. 

Mitochondria; nucleus

18. Liver cells can detoxify alcohol with two organelles, the ____ and ____. 

Peroxisomes; smooth endoplasmic reticulum

19. Cells adhere to each other and to extracellular material by means of membrane proteins called_____.



Cell- adhesion molecules

20. A macrophage would use the process of ______ to engulf a dying tissue cell. 

Phagocytosis

True or False 1. DNA is replicated during the S phase. 6. Movement of substances down a concentration gradient requires no ATP. 7. Osmosis is a passive process, not active transport. 9. Desmosomes are just spots of intercellular attachment; they have no channels for transferring material from cell to cell. 10. Organelles all lie outside the nucleus.

Chapter 4: Histology Testing your Recall 1. Transitional epithelium is found in… 

The urinary system

2. The external surface of the stomach is covered by… 

A serous membrane

3. Which of these is the most widespread type of epithelium? 

Stratified squamous

4. A seminiferous tubule of the testis is lined with ______ epithelium. 

Stratified cuboidal

5. Which of these cells is specialized to engulf and destroy foreign matter? 

A macrophage

6. Tendons are composed of… 

Dense regular connective tissue

7. The collagen of areolar tissue produced by… 

Fibroblasts

8. Thermal insulation is one of the functions of… 

Adipose tissue

9. The shape of the external ear is due to… 

Elastic cartilage

10. Any gland that releases its product by exocytosis is called… 

A merocrine gland

11. Any form of pathological tissue death is called ________.



Necrosis

12. The peritoneum has a ______ type of gland. 

Simple squamous

13. Osteocytes has a _______ type of epithelium. 

Lacunae

14. Bones and ligaments with a fibrous sheath are called the _______. 

Periosteum

15. Tendons and ligaments are made mainly of the protein _______. 

Collagen

16. Most of the cells in nervous tissue are called ______. 

Glial cells

17. An epithelium rests on a layer called the _____ between its deepest cells and the underlying connective tissue. 

Basement

18. Fibers and ground substance make up the _______ of connective tissue. 

Matrix

19. A _____ gland is one in which the secretion forms by complete breakdown of the gland cells. 

Holocrine

20. Any epithelium I which every cell touches the basement membrane is called a ______ epithelium.  True or false

Simple

1. The epithelium in the esophagus in not keratinized 5. Adipose tissue is an exception to this rule. 6. Adipocytes also occur in areolar connective tissue. 9. All living cells are electrically excitable. 10. Fibrocartilage and hyaline articular cartilages have no perichondrium.

Chapter 5: The Integumentary System Testing Your Recall 1. Cells of the ____ are keratinized and dead. 

Stratum corneum

2. The outermost layer of a hair is called… 

The cuticle

3. Which of the following skin conditions or appearances would most likely result from liver failure? 

Jaundice

4. Thick skin can be found on… 

The palms

5. The integumentary system includes all of the following except… 

Subcutaneous tissue

6. The thickest living layer of the epidermis … 

The stratum spinosum

7. Which of the following is a scent gland? 

An apocrine gland

8. ______ are skin cells with a sensory role. 

Tactile cells

9. The function of epidermal dendritic cells is… 

Immune defense

10. Red hair gets its color primarily from… 

Pheomelanin

11. _______ is sweating without noticeable wetness of the skin. 

perspiration

12. A muscle that causes a hair to stand erect is called a/an ______. 

Piloerector

13. Two common word roots that refer to skin in medical terminology are _____ and _____. 

Dermato-; cutane-

14. Blueness of the skin due to low oxygen concentration in the blood is called _______. 

Cyanosis

15. Upward projections of the dermis along the dermalepidermal boundary are called _______. 

Dermal papillae

16. Cerumen is more commonly known as________. 

Earwax

17. The holocrine glands that secrete into a hair follicle are called________. 

Sebaceous glands

18. The most abundant protein of the epidermis is ______, while the most abundant protein of the dermis is_______. 

Keratin, collagen

19. The epidermis, liver, and kidneys work together to synthesize _______, which promotes absorption of dietary calcium. 

Vitamin D

20. Epidermal melanin is produced by melanocytes but accumulates in the ______. 

Keratinocytes

True or False 3. The dermis is mostly collagen; keratin occurs in the epidermis. 4. Vitamin D is synthesized by collaboration of epidermal keratinocytes, liver, and kidneys. 7. The three layers of skin does not include the hypodermis. 8. All races and ethnicities share the same amount of melanocytes. 9. Pallor results in a paleness.

Chapter 6: The Skeletal System Testing Your Recall 1. Which cells secrete hydrochloric acid, resorb osseous tissue, and raise the blood calcium concentration? 

Osteoclasts

2. The medullary cavity of an adult bone may contain… 

Adipose tissue

3. Which of the following movements are unique to the foot? 

Dorsiflexion and inversion

4. Which of the following joints has anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments? 

The knee

5. Which of these is the bone of the heel? 

Calcaneus

6. _______ is secreted in response to a falling blood calcium level, and raises the level by promoting osteoclast activity. 

Parathyroid hormone

7. A child jumps to the ground from the top of a playground jungle gym. His leg bones do not shatter mainly because they have… 

Collagen fibers

8. One long bone meets another at its… 

Epiphysis

9. The spinal chord passes through the ______ of the vertebrae. 

Vertebral foramina

10. The principal facial bone between the orbit and upper teeth is the … 

Parietal bone

11. The mastoid process and external acoustic meatus are parts of the ______ bone. 

Temporal

12. Osteocytes contact each other through channels called ______ in the bone matrix. 

Canaliculi

13. A bone increases in diameter only by _____ growth, the addition of new surface lamellae. 

Appositional

14. The lubricant in the shoulder and hip joints is called _______. 

Synovial fluid

15. A calcium deficiency called ______ can cause death by suffocation. 

Hypocalcemia

16. ______ are bone cells that secrete collagen and stimulate calcium phosphate deposition. 

Osteoblasts

17. ______ is the science of body movement. 

Kinesiology

18. The femur is prevented from slipping sideways off the tibia in part by a pair of crescentshaped cartilages called the lateral and medial______. 

Menisci

19. Bones of the skull are joined along lines called______. 

Sutures

20. A herniated disc occurs when a ring called the ______ cracks. 

Annulus fibrous

True or False 2. The growth zone of a child’s bone is the metaphysis. 3. Ligaments connect bone to bone, not muscle to bone. 5. This particular action requires hyperextension of the shoulder. 7. The bursae contain synovial fluid but do not secrete it. 8. The arm contains the humerus and the leg contains the tibia and fibula....