Anatomy Exam 1 Study Guide PDF

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Summary

Professors Dr. Jennifer Burgoon & Derek Harmon...

Description

Pelvic Girdle Sacroiliac joint

Pelvic Brim

Anterior superior iliac spine

Pubic tubercle

Iliac crest

Ischial spine

Symphysis pubis

Picture

Sections of the Ox Coxae

Picture

Ilium

Ischium

Pubis

Os Coxae (Lateral View) Greater Sciatic Notch

Acetabulum

Picture

Ischial tuberosity

Obturator foramen

Os Coxae (Medial View) Iliac fossa

Superior pubic ramus

Articular surface (for the sacrum)

Picture

Femur Head

Neck

Greater trochanter

Lesser trochanter

Patellar surface

Medial epicondyle

Lateral epicondyle

Gluteal tuberosity

Linea aspera (ridge)

Popliteal surface

Medial condyle

Lateral condyle

Patella

Picture

Patella

Tibia Lateral condyle

Picture

Medial condyle

Tibial tuberosity

Anterior border of the tibia

Medial malleolus

Fibula Head of the fibula

Picture

Lateral malleolus

Foot Talus

Calcaneus (the heel bone)

Picture

Navicular

Cuboid

Cuneiforms (3) Medial, intermediate, and lateral

Metatarsals (5) 1-5 medial to lateral

Hallux Proximal phalanx and distal phalanx

Phalanges Proximal, middle and distal phalanx of x digit

Posterior Origin Gluteal Muscles Gluteus Posterior maximus portion of ilium; posterior lower part of sacrum and coccyx

Insertion

Action

Innervation

Gluteal tuberosity and iliotibial tract of fascia lata

Extension and lateral rotation of hip (thigh)

Inferior gluteal nerve

Gluteus medius

Outer surface and crest of ilium

Greater trochanter of femur

Abducts hip (thigh)

Superior gluteal nerve

Gluteus minimus

Anterior portion of crest of ilium

Iliotibial tract of fascia lata

Flexes and abducts the hip (thigh)

Superior gluteal nerve

Picture

Tensor fascia latae

Deep Lateral Rotators Piriformis

Anterior portion of crest of ilium

Iliotibial tract of fascia lata

Flexes, abducts the hip (thigh)

Superior gluteal nerve

Origin

Insertion

Action

Innervation

Anterior sacrum

Greater trochanter of femur

Lateral rotation of hip (thigh)

Nerve to piriformis

Anterior hip muscles Psoas major

Origin

Insertion

Action

Innervation

All lumbar vertebrae

Lesser trochanter

Flexes thigh; flexes trunk; flexes hip

Lumbar nerves L1L3

Iliacus

Iliac fossa

Lesser trochanter

Flexes hip

Femoral n.

Picture

Picture

Iliopsoa s

Combination Lesser trochanter of psoas major and iliacus under the inguinal ligament

Flexion Femoral n. of the hip

Anterior femoral muscles Sartorius

Origin

Insertion

Action

ASIS

Upper part of medial surface of tibia

Flexes leg Femoral n. and thigh

Rectus femoris

ASIS; Superior margin of acetabulu m

Tibial Extension Femoral n. tuberosity of the leg

Vastus lateralis

Lateral lip of linea aspera

Tibial Extension Femoral n. tuberosity of leg or knee

Innervatio n

Picture

Vastus medialis

Medial lip of linea aspera

Extension Femoral n. Tibial tuberosity of leg or knee

Vastus intermediu s

Anterior shaft of upper femur

Extension Femoral n. Tibial tuberosity of leg or knee

Medial femoral muscles Gracilis

Origin

Insertion

Action

Innervation

Pubic bone

Upper part of medial surface of tibia

Abduction of thigh

Obturator n.

Picture

Pectineus

Pubis

Upper posterior femur

Adducts, flexes thigh

Femoral n.

Adductor longus

Pubic bone

Linea aspera

Adducts thigh

Obturator n.

Adductor brevis

Pubic bone

Upper posterior femur

Adducts thigh

Obturator n.

Adductor magnus

Ischium

Linea aspera, adductor tubercle

Adducts hip

Obturator n.

Posterior femoral muscles Biceps femoris Long head

Origin

Insertio n Head of fibula

Action

Biceps femoris short head

Shaft of femur

With the long head— they share a common tendon

Flexes leg

Common fibular n.

Semitendinosus

Ischial tuberosit y

Upper medial tibia

Flexes leg, extend s thigh

Tibial n.

Semimembranos us

Ischial tuberosit y

Posterio r upper tibia

Flexes leg, extend s thigh

Tibial n.

Ischial tuberosit y

Flexes leg,, extend s thigh

Innervatio n Tibial n.

Picture

Anterior crural muscles Tibialis anterior

Action

Innervation

Dorsiflexes and inverts the foot

Deep fibular n.

Extensor digitorum longus

Extends digits 2-5; dorsiflexes the foot

Deep fibular n.

Picture

Extensor hallucis longus

Extends hallux; dorsiflexes the foot

Deep fibular n.

Fibularis (peroneus) tertius

Dorsiflexes and everts the foot

Deep fibular n.

Lateral crural muscles Fibularis longus

Action

Innervation

Plantar flexes and everts foot

Superficial fibular n.

Picture

Fibularis brevis

Plantar flexes and everts the foot

Superficial fibular n.

Superficial posterior crural muscles Gastrocnemius

Action

Innervation

Flexes leg, plantar flexes foot

Tibial n.

Soleus

Plantar flexes foot

Tibial n.

Plantaris

Flexes leg, plantar flexes foot

Tibial n.

Picture

Deep posterior crural muscles Popliteus

Action

Innervation

Flexes leg, rotates tibial medially

Tibial n.

Flexor hallucis longus (HARRY)

Flexes hallux; plantar flexes foot

Tibial n

Flexor digitorum longus (DICK)

Flexes digits 2-5; plantar flexes foot

Tibial n.

Tibialis posterior (TOM)

Plantar flexes and inverts foot

Tibial n.

Dorsum of the foot

Action

Innervation

Picture

Picture

Extensor digitorum Extends digits 2-4 brevis

Deep fibular n.

Extensor hallucis longus

Extends 1st digit

Plantar muscles of the foot Abductor hallucis

Action

Innervation

Abducts hallux

Medial plantar n.

Flexor digitorum brevis

Flexes digits 2-5

Medial plantar n.

Abductor digiti minimi

Abducts 5th digit

Lateral plantar n.

NERVES

Deep fibular n.

Picture

Lumbar Plexus Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

Runs Deep to the inguinal ligament to anterior thigh

Innervates Entire anterior thigh compartment

Picture

Iliacus muscle Half of pectineus

Obturator nerve (L2-L4)

Medial to the psoas major m. in the pelvis

Entire medial thigh compartment

Enters medial thigh through obturator foramen, travels superficial to adductor brevis m.

Sacral Plexus Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

Runs Exits pelvis through greater sciatic foramen

Innervates Picture Gluteus medius, minimus, and tensor fasciae latae

Located superior to piriformis m.

Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)

Runs between gluteus medius and minimus Exits pelvis through Only the gluteus maximus greater sciatic foramen Located inferior to piriformis m. Runs just deep to the gluteus maximus

Sciatic nerve (L4-S3) *largest nerve in the body

Exits the pelvis through greater sciatic foramen

Divides into the tibial and common fibular n.

Just inferior to piriformis m.

Tibial nerve (L4-S3) *medial division of the sciatic nerve

Superficial content in the popliteal fossa Runs within Tom, Dick, aN Harry

Posterior thigh and leg compartment *except for short head of biceps femoris)

Divides into medial and lateral plantar n. Common fibular nerve (L4-S2) *lateral division of the sciatic nerve

Wraps around the neck of the fibula

Only the short head of biceps femoris m.

Divides into superficial and deep fibular n.

Superficial fibular nerve *lateral division of the common fibular n.

Between the fibularis longus and brevis Continues onto the dorsum of the foot for sensory innervation

Two muscles of the lateral leg compartment

Deep fibular nerve Continues onto the *medial division of the dorsum of the foot common fibular n. for sensory innervation (flip flop area only)

The four muscles of the anterior leg compartment

Medial plantar nerve *division of the tibial n.

Under the abductor hallucis m.

Abductor hallucis m. and flexor digitorum brevis m.

Lateral plantar nerve *division of the tibial n.

Under the abductor hallucis m.

Abductor digiti minimi

Muscles on dorsum of the foot

Internal Iliac Artery: gives off to Obturator a., superior gluteal a., inferior gluteal a.

Superior and Inferior Gluteal Arteries

External Iliac Artery: The major vessel for the lower limb Gives off OR continues as the following:

Femoral & Deep Femoral Arteries

Popliteal Artery

Anterior Tibial Artery

Dorsalis Pedis Artery

Posterior Tibial Artery

Fibular Artery

Medial & Lateral Plantar Arteries

Femoral Triangle: Special area in the upper anterior thigh Femoral a. pulse can be palpated here Major structures separating the anterior and medial thigh compartments Boundaries: Sartorious m. (lateral) Adductor longus m. (medial) Inguinal ligament (superior) Iliopsoas m. (lateral floor) Pectineus m. (medial floor) Contents: Femoral v. Femoral a. Femoral n. (The VAN drives out)

Popliteal Fossa

Area in the back of the knee Diamond shaped area Popliteal artery pulse difficult to palpate due to depth Boundaries: Biceps femoris m. (superolateral) Semitendinosus m (superomedial) Semimembranosus m (superomedial) Gastrocnemius lateral head m. (inferolateral) Gastrocnemius medial head m. (inferomedial) Popliteus m (floor) Contents Popliteal a. (deep) Popliteal v (middle) Tibial & common fibular n. (superficial) (Aviation—AVN, the plane flies up)

Tom, Dick, AN Harry

Special area located posterior to the medial malleolus Bound by the flexor retinaculum Begins at medial malleolus, and ends at the calcaneus Contents Tibialis posterior m. (anterior) Flexor Digitorum longus m Posterior tibial A Tibial N Flexor Hallucis longus m. (posterior)...