Anglais pour psychologues IV PDF

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Cours dispensé en Licence de psychologie....

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Anglais pour psychologues IV – Cours de M. Avesque

Anglais pour psychologues IV Why psychology ? Psychologist – help people finding solutions (tools to cope) and understand behavior. The major skills of a psychologist are:  Consoler/listeners: give advice, perspective  Expert (educational, social, business): advertising, DMR, coaching  Toolmakers: measures and techniques (assessments)  Agent of changes: behavior changes (individual, groups, institutions)  Clinical psychology: anti-social behaviors (non-respect of basic rules in education, at home, within society) represented by: o Anger o Injustice o Unfairness o Irritated o Laziness/ boredom Statement ideas of psychology: - Empathy - A good listener - Authenticity/ objective - Knowledgable - Helpful - Open-minded - Sense of perspective (be able to see others points of view) - Detached/ observer

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Psychology approches

The process approach – laboratory theories (quantitative methods)  Physiological (or bio) psychology: are interested in the physical basis of behavior, how the functions of the nervous system and endocrine system are related to and influence behavior and mental process. It’s implicate in genetic transmissions, motivation and stress and sensory processes.  Cognitive psychology: include attention, memory, perception, language, thinking, problem-solving, reasoning and concept-formation. Have implications as understanding the memory processes involved in eyewitness testimony  Comparative psychology: is the study of the behavior of animal, aimed at identifying and differences between species. It also involves studying non-human animal behavior to gain a better understanding of human behavior. It’s based on the evolutionary theory. The person approach – field studies (qualitative methods)  Social psychology: used in groups, organizations in a social context.  Developmental psychology: biological, cognitive, social and emotional changes that occur in people over time. Is a lifelong process  Individual differences: contributed to both the explanation and treatment of mental disorders and illness o Illness: long term disease o Sickness: short term disease 1 1er semestre, 2017/2018 Ferreira Pires, Susana

Anglais pour psychologues IV – Cours de M. Avesque

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Maslow studied a human approach, center in the person. He created the pyramid of need for a healthy personality. The last three stages (selfactualization, aesthetic needs and cognitive need) are those that separated humans from animals. The physiological needs are the biological basis. The esteem needs represents the need of being respected in a group. This pyramid its consider important so we can know our needs. It’s close to Buddhism (the nirvana concept, that also includes different stages/levels to reach a “good feeling”). Some limits to this approach: - Needs are different for humans - Where can we put love?(or others emotions)

2.1.

The healthy personality

Health personality – healthy mind and body: openness: independence: optimistic view of humankind, extremely social. Maslow – has identified characteristics of mental health, the traits that are most prominent in the health personality:  An ability to accept oneself, others and nature: positive self-image  An adequate perception of and comfortable attitude toward reality: realistic  Spontaneity: they tend to behave naturally  Focus on external problems: rather than worrying about themselves  A need for privacy: private but social  Independence from the environment: they can maintain happiness in circumstances that might upset others  A continued freshness of appreciation: capable of appreciated thing over and over again Criticism to humanist view: - Values (which is value for one, it’s not for other) - Subjectivism/ethnocentrism - Too trustworthy with human behavior - Naïve - Overgeneralize

2 1er semestre, 2017/2018 Ferreira Pires, Susana

Anglais pour psychologues IV – Cours de M. Avesque

Problem solving It’s defined by: - Logic - Experience (leave, lack of experience) - Experiment (try, or lack of experimenting) - Conceptualize o We need to think outside the box Problem solving can be seen as processing through a series of logical stages: - Define the problem - Generating possible solutions - Evaluating possible solutions (to come to an answer) Gestalt approach – trail and error (try and fail, or stimulation/answer):  Functional fixedness  Lateral thinking  Mental set (using previous successful strategies) There are two types of problems: - With adversary (competition) - Without adversity

Astrology and psychology Horoscope – randomly generated sentences (like the religion’s books). The need to believe in. Everybody will be concerned. It’s based on the fact that we need to know the future, and it gives hope. Astrology – scientifically ambitions. Based in 12 signs, ascendents to explain who we are. Used 3000 to 2000 years older than any religion. Every ethic group have their signs (in relation to astrology). Carl Gustav Jung – study common reactions and try to classify humans. categorize people into four psychological types. The conscious self knows four main modes of perception which express themselves differently and more or less strongly:  The thinking type: libra, gemini, Aquarius. Air. Predominant thinking function. They are logical, reasonable and have difficulty showing emotion  The feeling type: cancer, scorpio, Pisces. Water. Opposition to the thinking type. Empathy, compassion, intuition. Emotional criteria. Stubborn/ unrealistic  The sensation type: taurus, virgo, Capricorn. Earth. Down to world, see to believe. Lack of fantasy  The intuitive type: Leo, Aries, Sagittarius. Fire. Opposition to sensation type. Perception/ spiritual concept as also a spiritual energy. Spontaneity We want to be assured, that’s why people are interested in astrology, but it isn’t a rule. It gives the feeling to belonging to a group.

3 1er semestre, 2017/2018 Ferreira Pires, Susana...