Annotated Bibliography Template CD&S Corrected PDF

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ASSESSMENT 3: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY Drug Use, analyze the challenges and opportunities for improving the Essay Question

police or criminal justice response. Your analysis must use concepts from at least TWO theoretical perspectives covered in the unit.

Type your responses in the boxes below: Reference 1: Peer-reviewed journal article (Scholarly)

Karin A. Mack, Christopher M. Jones, Michael F. Ballesteros, 16 November 2017, Illicit Drug Use, Illicit Drug Use Disorders, and Drug Overdose Deaths in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Areas—United Reference States, CDC: MMWR, 8 September 2021, https://onlinelibrary-wileydetails com.ezproxy.uws.edu.au/doi/full/10.1111/ajt.14555

Annotation 1: Summary and evaluation (250 words, +/- 10% leeway)

Illicit drug use has been an ongoing issue in most parts of the world, Annotatio n

especially in the United States, where for many years now drug overdoses have become the leading cause of death, resulting in approximately 52,000 deaths as of 2015. Drug overdoses today remain a major health challenge for many Americans across both metropolitan and on metropolitan areas. Studies have found that there has been an increasing number of overdose deaths in in rural areas, which has eventually drastically surpassed the overdose rates in urban areas. When creating prevention interventions for these overdoses, it is essential to consdier the physical location of which those people live as that can play a significant role in aiding better access to medication assisted treatment. For example, methadone, buprenorphine, or naltrexone is typically used to able to benefit those communities with high opioid use disorder. With the rise of youth using illicit drugs, police and the criminal justice system around the world have introduced a range of programs and initiatives that have 1|Pag e Farah Hindi - 20565826

successfully engaged young people in activities such as sport, outdoor activities, and social recreational activities (an example of this may be drug free discos). This is known as the institutionalised ‘strain theory’ as it allows an opportunity for these to be reached in a socially acceptable way. From 2003 – 2005 to 2012 – 2014, the National Survey of Drug Use and Health USA recorded the prevalence of past month use of illicit drugs was highest in large metropolitan areas, such as New York, Los Angeles and Chicago. Reference 2: A second peer-reviewed journal article (scholarly) or newspaper article (non-scholarly) or government report (scholarly) or book chapter (scholarly).

Mike Collison, 1993, PUNISHING DRUGS: Criminal Justice and Drug Referen ce details

Use, JSTOR, 10 September 2021, https://www-jstororg.ezproxy.uws.edu.au/stable/23637802? seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents

Annotation 2: Summary and evaluation (250 words, +/- 10% leeway)

In recent years, concerns about drug abuse in the United Kingdom have risen due to the statistics that are available to the public today. Annotatio n

Studies have found that theUnited Kingdom population has one of the highest rates of drug induced deaths in Europe, with 76 deaths per million population. Throughout England cannibis, cocaine, MDMA and ketamine are the most widely used illicit drugs, with 21 percent of boys and 15 percent of girls aged 15 years and up admitting to taking drugs in a 2018 survey. As of October 1992 the United Kingdom criminal justice act 1991 (CJA 1991) came into force in order to introduce a substantial revision of sentencing powers. The act has lacked a constraining definition of drug dependency for what is knowns as a ‘common sense’ concept of the tendency to misue or abuse drugs. In recent times the English government policies and legislation has supported the diversion of drug offenders from the criminal justice system into voluntary and statuatory treatment 2|Pag e Farah Hindi - 20565826

initiatves. The British course of action towards drug control has always distinguished between prescribing and policing (otherwise known as victims vs villians). Although the 1991 act was successful in most ways, it did have its weaknesses and through exploring some of today’s journey’s with the treatments and prison systems, it has been found that the act has only a restricted impact on the problems caused for the criminal justice system by the Class A drug users, typically due to effective depictions of dependency, motivation and responsibility.

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