Annotated bibliography PDF

Preview

Summary

English...

Description

English 102-077 Dr. John March 2nd, 2021 Annotated Bibliography Research Question: How does social media affect adolescents’ mental health and body image?

1. McLean Hospital. “The Social Dilemma: Social Media and Your Mental Health.” Here's How Social Media Affects Your Mental Health | McLean Hospital, McLean Hospital, 10 Feb. 2021, www.mcleanhospital.org/essential/it-or-not-social-medias-affecting-yourmental-health. (addictive and can result to mental illness due) The overall point of the piece is to educate the audience on how social media affects the brain and can cause mental health issues or body image problems. McLean Hospital is especially interested in examining the causes and scenarios that arise with the use of social media. For example they discuss a middle schooler finding a new best friend and posting about while the old best friend can see this and be hurt, but 20 years ago that situation could have happened but the old friend may not have even heard of it without verbally being told. One key element of the issue explored in this piece is rewards and tricks social media apps play on your brain because it releases dopamine and keeps you addicted to using the app. Others include the perception of being ‘perfect’ and having that model body that social media projects people to think they need while really people are using apps to edit themselves to look better. This gives young kids the idea that you have to look a certain way and then body image and comparing comes in. A final area that McLean Hospital discusses is how to improve and change this behavior, the author suggests decreasing mass sharing and limiting likes. One quote that drew my attention focused on self-monitoring one's use of social media and seeing how it truly makes them feel. In the second half of the article, the author states: “If one notices that one feels less happy after using them, then one might consider changing how one uses social media sites, such as using them for less time and doing other activities that one enjoys instead” (1). I think this quote is useful because it suggests focusing on other hobbies or things that give you enjoyment. Overall, in terms of stance, the viewpoint of this author definitely seems to lean towards social media can be good but for the most part is bad for your mental health. This piece seems fairly credible because it was written by a hospital with various doctors. For my subsequent paper and analysis, this source should help me integrate ways to cope with social media and gain control into my argument.

2. Katie Hurley. “Social Media and Teens: How Does Social Media Affect Mental Health?” Psycom.net - Mental Health Treatment Resource Since 1996, 17 Nov. 2020 www.psycom.net/social-media-teen-mental-health. Point One! The main point of this article is the positive and negative effects social media has on teenagers and young adults. Katie Hurley is especially interested in examining a study from the University of Pittsburgh that discusses correlations between people who go on social media more and it causes them to have a higher risk of eating and body problems. One key element of the issue explored in this piece is that social media has benefits like connecting others to people with similar interests or backgrounds. Others include the negative effects such as focusing on likes, cyberbullying, making comparisons, and having fake friends. A final example that Hurley

discusses is the less face time and social interaction that gives us skills for the rest of our lives that can be hard to acquire while on a screen all the time. One quote that drew my attention focused on keeping an open communication line with teens and kids. In the second half of her article, Hurley states: “The key to helping teens learn to balance social media with real life friendships is to keep the lines of communication open and keep talking” (1). I think this quote is useful because it suggests letting the teen cope with social media in their own way but by giving them someone to talk to and learning that happy medium. Overall, in terms of stance, the viewpoint of this author definitely seems to be very level headed and gives a lot of information on both the positive and negative impacts of social media. This piece seems fairly credible because the author includes numerous studies and true information. For my subsequent paper and analysis, this source should help me integrate some negative traits of social media into my argument. – has also a counter argument 3. Elina Mir, Caroline Novas, Meg Seymour “Social Media and Adolescents' and Young Adults' Mental Health.” National Center for Health Research, 21 Aug. 2020, www.center4research.org/social-media-affects-mental-health/. The overall idea of this article is analyzing the connection between social media and mental health on youths. The authors are especially interested in examining specific social media platforms such as Snapchat, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Youtube, some of the most popular platforms. One key element of the issue explored in this piece is that around 25% of 1825 year olds have some type of mental illness and particularly depression was common among girls. Others include the sleep disruption social media causes which could be staying up late on your phone, the light on the screen keeps your mind awake, and the feeling of waking up to respond to people or check media platforms. A final area that the authors discuss is FoMO, fear of missing out, is worsened by social media and can create more anxiety from it. One quote that drew my attention focused on tips for managing social media use. In the second half of their article, the authors state: “Pick a time at night after which you will not check your phone, and if possible, recharge your phone in another room while you sleep” (1). I think this quote is useful because it forces the person to not be on their phone at night and as soon as they wake up, this will also help them have a peaceful morning and get up when their ready to start their day. Overall, in terms of stance, the viewpoint of this author definitely seems to lean towards more of the negative impacts on social media on mental health and ways to improve this so it is a bit biased. This piece seems fairly credible and gives good information on the situation as well as tips to help. For my subsequent paper and analysis, this source should help me integrate some strong facts about the cons social media has on the mental health of youths into my argument.

4. Rachel Ehmke is managing editor at the Child Mind Institute. “How Using Social Media Affects Teenagers.” Child Mind Institute, 5 Mar. 2021, childmind.org/article/how-usingsocial-media-affects-teenagers/. The overall point of the piece is to explain how social media affects adolescents. Racheal Ehmke is especially interested in examining the effects of social media and text messages of adolescents on their anxiety and self esteem. One key element of the issue explored in this piece is a survey showing 14-24 year olds in the UK have had increased feelings of depression. Others include teens losing social skills from learning and communicating on a screen rather than face to face interactions. A final area that Ehmke discusses is cyberbullying and the courage one has when hiding behind a screen, when someone is texting you don’t get to see the other person’s reaction making it easier to be mean and say anything. One quote that drew

my attention focused on peer acceptance and projecting someone you’re not on social media to have that idealized look. In the second half of her article, Ehmke states: “ The more identities you have, the more time you spend pretending to be someone you aren’t, the harder it’s going to be to feel good about yourself ” (1). I think this quote is useful because when you are constantly showing people this perfect side of you on social media you then have to keep up with it in public and it becomes exhausting because that is not truly you. Overall, in terms of stance, the viewpoint of this author definitely seems to be fair and she gives a lot of really informative information from this topic. This piece seems quite credible because the author includes links to her research and it is written on a reliable site. For my subsequent paper and analysis, this source should help me integrate a great amount of information about the effects social media has specifically on self esteem and anxiety of teens and young adults into my argument.

5. Monroe, Jamison. “Psychological Effects of Social Media.” Newport Academy, Newport Academy, 3 June 2020, www.newportacademy.com/resources/mentalhealth/psychological-effects-of-social-media/. (Point 1) The overall point of the piece is how cyberbullying, social comparison, and sleep deprivation from social media cause body image, self esteem, and mental health in teens. Jamison Monroe is especially interested in examining the greater risk all this has on specifically teen girls. One key element of the issue explored in this piece is the three primary factors social media affected: inadequate sleep, cyberbullying, and lack of physical activity. Others include the correlation between a rapid increase in smartphones and depression and suicide rates. A final example that Monroe discusses is a study of 14 to 17 year olds who used social media for seven hours a day and teens who only used it for one hour a day. The study showed that teens who used social media for seven hours per day were twice as likely to have feelings of depression, seen a mental health professional, or taken medication for psychological issues. One quote that drew my attention focused on body image and how it affects your self esteem. In the second half of her article, Monroe states: “When they compare themselves to these ‘perfect’ images, they often feel inferior, leading to lower self esteem and negative body image” (1). I think this quote is useful because knowing how to love and accept your body and who you are is so important and girls need to stop comparing their bodies to the ones seen on social media that are curiated and photoshopped to be perfect. Overall, in terms of stance, the viewpoint of this author definitely seems to lean towards the negative impacts of social media but gives good information to back up her points. This piece seems fairly credible because Monroe uses many links to his research within the text and a list of sources at the end. For my subsequent paper and analysis, this source should help me integrate negative effects social media has on teens and more specifically the sleep deprivation and body image issues into my argument.

6. DuBois, Kara. “How Social Media Affects Teens - Dangers of Social Media Today - JSY.” Just Say YES, 23 Aug. 2019, justsayyes.org/topics/how-social-media-affects-teens/. The overall point of the piece is to give the positive and negative impacts and effects of social media on teens. Kara DuBois is especially interested in examining how many teens are using social media and for how long. One key element of the issue explored in this piece is 75 percent of American teenagers have social media profiles and 51 percent use it on a daily

basis. Others include that teens developing ages are severely affected by smartphones and social media as they lack social and communication skills usually learned from in person interactions. A final area that DuBois discusses is common mental health issues related to teens using social media: anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, sleep deprivation, envy/jealousy, communication issues, lack of socialization skills, sadness, loneliness, and dependence. One quote that drew my attention focused on positive aspects and effects of social media on teenagers. In the second half of her article, DuBois states: “The ability to raise awareness, connect with people across the world, and share moments of beauty can be empowering and uplifting for some” (1). I think this quote is useful because it lists some awesome things social media can do and how it can bring awareness to things such as some of the negative effects social media has and how to prevent it and still enjoying going online. Overall, in terms of stance, the viewpoint of this author definitely seems to be pretty fair because he mentions arguments from both sides although it leans more towards the negatives than positives. This piece seems fairly credible because it is written on a site that’s purpose is to bring awareness to things similar to this and educate the parents and teens. For my subsequent paper and analysis, this source should help me integrate a positive viewpoint of social media into my argument.

7. Blakemore, Erin. "Instagram public awareness campaign aims for real talk about mental health." Washingtonpost.com, 24 May 2019. Gale In Context: Global Issues, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A586681278/GIC?u=tusc49521&sid=GIC&xid=94cbe5aa. Accessed 18 Mar. 2021. The overall point of the piece is to show benefits social media can have on mental health. Erin Blakemore is especially interested in examining a campaign on Instagram regarding mental health and bringing more awareness to the topic. One key element of the issue explored in this piece is how this campaign has brought many personal stories and experiences forward and brings a face and name to a story rather than just a simple hashtag. Others include a fact about suicide saying it is the 10th leading cause of death in the United States. A final area that Blakemore discusses is the stigma around mental health and illnesses and how it is not talked about enough and social media can help bring light to the topic. One quote that drew my attention focused on the thought of learning more about celebrities or influencers who seem to be perfect on the outside. In the second half of her article, Blakemore states: “It’s refreshing and thought provoking to see the stories behind the seemingly perfect faces of social media personalities, such as actress Sasha Pieterse, ballet dancer Sydney Magruder Washington and others recruited for the initiative” (1). I think this quote is useful because it shows not everything is what it seems and even those who seem amazing can have mental health issues or be struggling. Overall, in terms of stance, the viewpoint of this author definitely seems to be pretty fair as there is not a side to take here, it is just an informational article about a campaign. This piece seems fairly credible because she uses valid sources and the information and facts are all true. For my subsequent paper and analysis, this source should help me integrate a counter argument that social media can be a useful asset to bringing awareness to the topic and starting a conversation into my argument. 8. "The Big Number: 3 or more hours a day of social media use hurts youths' mental health." Washingtonpost.com, 27 Sept. 2019. Gale In Context: Global Issues, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A601304278/GIC?u=tusc49521&sid=GIC&xid=ef355a98. Accessed 18 Mar. 2021.

The overall point of the piece is to discuss whether time spent on social media is really worth it or not. The author is especially interested in examining the difference between children who spend 3 hours on social media and those who do not. One key element of the issue explored in this example is that of those children who went on social media for 3 hours a day were twice as likely to experience depression, anxiety, loneliness, and antisocial behaviors than those who did not go social media. Others include a study done on adolescents that did not use social media, used it for 30 or less minutes a day, spent 30- 3 hours a day, spent 3- 6 hours a day, and those who used it more than six hours. The study showed that of those who used social media more leads to mental and other issues. A final example that the author discusses is social media leads to sleep problems, increases the risk of cyberbullying, and unrealistic comparison of yourself to others. One quote that drew my attention focused on the problems stated above. In the second half of the article, the author states: “But the researchers suspect that heavy use may lead to sleep problems that can contribute to such issues, increase the risk of cyberbullying, which has been tied to symptoms of depression, and result in unrealistic comparison of yourself and your life to those of others seen on social media” (1). I think this quote is useful because it sums up a lot of the issues social media can cause in a short concise way. Overall, in terms of stance, the viewpoint of this author definitely seems to lean more towards the negatives of social media. This piece seems fairly credible because it gives really good statistics and has credible sources. For my subsequent paper and analysis, this source should help me integrate some important statistics to convey the negatives of spending more time on social media into my argument.

9. "3 tips on how to set social media screen time boundaries from mental health experts." Manila Bulletin, 9 Feb. 2021. Gale In Context: Global Issues, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A651228103/GIC?u=tusc49521&sid=GIC&xid=414c06c4. Accessed 18 Mar. 2021. The overall point of the piece is to give information on how to spend less time on social media and especially now with covid because we are spending more of our daily lives online. Manila Bulletin is especially interested in examining the effect covid has had on mental health specifically depression and anxiety. One key element of the issue explored in this piece is the aspect of parents talking to their children and setting boundaries online and teaching them healthy habits regarding this. Others include that after parents implement boundaries and their teachings they have to also follow them and set that example for their children. A final example that Bulletin discusses is quality on quantity, as we now have to be online there is no stopping users from going online so now we aim to make better, quality content online rather than quantity. One quote that drew my attention focused on being responsible for what you’re exposing yourself. In the second half of the article, Bulletin states: “There’s a big difference on using your phone just scrolling on instagram, exposing yourself to negative images, over dieting, and posts that are focused on appearance, instead on using it to communicate with your loved ones” (1). I think this quote is useful because it really calls people out and tells them to really be accountable for yourself and to not even expose yourself to those negative things on social media and rather pick up the phone and call a friend or text them. Overall, in terms of stance, the viewpoint of this author definitely seems to be leaning more towards the negatives of being online but gives really good advice and information. This piece seems fairly credible because the article includes great sources and information to help. For my subsequent paper and analysis, this source should help me integrate tips and accountability online into my argument.

10. After reading these various sources, my current developing view on the issue is: social media negatively impacts adolescents and young adult’s mental health. On the one hand social media can be a great resource to spread awareness and start more conversations about mental health but the negative impacts definitely outweigh the few positives. As sources 7 and 9 suggest ways to help reduce social media use and ways social media is helpful. On the other hand, it is also true that the authors most likely wrote those articles to shed light on the benefits since there are so many downfalls to social media usage with children and young adults. As sources 4 and 8 give great information and statistics on daily social media usage and correlations between depression, anxiety, and loss of sleep with social media usage. Still, source 1 and 2 reminds us of the certain affects social media causes and specifically on one’s brain and their mental health. In any event, as I move forward with the project into the drafting and writing stage, I would now reformulate my guiding question, which my essay will attempt to answer and explore, into the following: How does social media usage affect adolescents and young adul...