Anth101 1 - Lecture notes 1 PDF

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Anth101 A company is interested in building a new factory in Bolivia and wants to know how to ensure positive interactions between workers and management. Which type of anthropologist should the company contact? - cultural anthropologist (Cultural anthropology is the study of people's everyday lives and their communities— their behaviors, beliefs, and institutions" (page 16). Cultural anthropologists can be found in many positions in and outside of academia, including work in the business sector) A company that used to be based solely in the United States now has factories in the United States plus Mexico, Guatemala, and Indonesia. Which key dynamic of globalization is at work in this example? - flexible accumulation (Flexible accumulation allows companies to be globally flexible in how they accumulate profits. Global corporate expansion and outsourcing are important elements of the contemporary global economy.) A hundred years ago in the United States, most college-age adults envisioned living and working near the town where they grew up. Today, many more college-age adults envision living and working in a location away from the town where they grew up. Which key dynamic of globalization best explains this phenomenon? - increasing migration (Migration as a result of globalization can occur between countries or within a country. Enhanced communication and transportation technologies associated with globalization have made it possible to visit and communicate with family and friends from greater distances, therefore making it easier for individuals to pursue lives farther away from family and friends.) A hydroelectric dam is built in Haiti to provide electric power to those who can afford it. The Haitian citizens who had lived in the valley where the dam is built are relocated to a mountainous location that makes it very difficult for them to make a living sufficient to afford electricity. Which key dynamic of globalization does this story best illustrate? uneven development (While globalization has been beneficial to many humans, those benefits have not been equally spread throughout the human population. Some of the benefits of globalization have come at the expense of others. Uneven development is the key dynamic of globalization that refers to this concept.) Ana has started a project comparing ethnographic data about educational techniques in Lesotho to data about educational techniques in New York City. This process is known as - ethnology.

(Cultural anthropologists analyze and compare ethnographic data across cultures in a process called ethnology.) Anil is an anthropologist who studies how words transmitted via social media have been used both to resist and to uphold power during recent revolutionary periods in Libya, Egypt, and the Sudan. Anil would most likely classify himself as a(n) - linguistic anthropologist. ("Linguistic anthropology involves the study of human language in the past and the present" (page 15).) Anthropology is described as a "holistic" field. This means that anthropology - studies the whole picture of human life. (Holism refers to "the anthropological commitment to look at the whole picture of human life - culture, biology, history and language - across space and time" (page 12). Broadly, "holistic" refers to the whole of something (as opposed to a hole in something).) April is excited to see a display of arrowheads and other stone tools in a local museum. She wants to learn more about some of the tools. Which type of anthropologist should she contact? - archaeologist (Archaeologists excavate and analyze material remains left behind by humans.) Augusto the farmer encounters several bones while plowing his field and wants to know if the bones are human. Which type of anthropologist should he call? Correct! - physical anthropologist (Physical anthropologists study human physical forms, past and present. Physical anthropologists are often called on by local law enforcement agencies to identify discovered bones.) Globalization has brought about rapid changes in technology and culture. Some of these changes represent our ability as humans to adapt to the natural world, while others see us shaping the natural world to fit our perceived needs. Match the following changes to the appropriate category: adapting to or shaping the natural world. adapting to the natural world- air conditioning shaping the natural world-- planting trees to provide cooling shade the discovery, in Africa, of a fossilized skull that might help us better understand our prehuman ancestors - physical anthropology a study of the difference between how college students speak to their peers versus how they speak to their professors - linguistic anthropology excavating a medieval trash pit (midden) to improve understanding of village life at the time - archeology observing the blending of different behaviors and beliefs as Syrian refugees immigrate into locations throughout Europe - cultural anthropology

comparing fossilized 200,000-year-old primate remains to modern human anatomy paleoanthropology cataloguing artifacts discovered in an 1800s shipwreck off the coast of Istanbul - historic anthropology describing the importance of objects found in ancient Native American burial mounds prehistoric anthropology observing chimpanzee tool use - Primatology studying the differences between words students use in the classroom and with friends sociolinguistics working to convert a spoken language into a written one for the sake of preservation descriptive linguistics analyzing how acronyms used in text messaging have changed common patterns of speech in the United States - historic linguistics Scientists predict what change in global temperatures by the year 2100? - global change (an increase of 2.5 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit Global climate change is seen by most scientists as due in part to human intervention, as the burning of fossil fuels increases atmospheric greenhouse gases. This increase results in global warming. How might humans continue to adjust in the face of warmer temperatures? How might these temperatures change the physical environment?;) What is the strong tendency to believe that one's own culture is normal, natural, and superior to other cultures called? - ethnocentrism (Anthropology uses research strategies and analytical concepts that enable us to move beyond ethnocentrism and understand and appreciate the diversity of cultures in a global age.) When did anthropology arise as a scientific discipline? - the mid-1800s (Anthropology arose in the mid-1800s as breakthroughs in transportation and communication led scholars to ask questions about similarities and differences between the humans they encountered.) Which key dynamic of globalization is at work when Andre sends a text message and becomes concerned when he does not receive an immediate response? - time-space compression...