A&P 2 study guide 1 PDF

Preview

Summary

Study Guid...

Description

Chapter 16 Assessment Due: 11:59pm on Tuesday, January 19, 2021 You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy

Chapter 16 Matching Questions 100-109 Match the following descriptions with the appropriate endocrine gland.

Part A Identify the gland that produces and releases melatonin. ANSWER:

A B L E J C K D G I Correct Part B Identify the gland that stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus.

ANSWER:

L K I B J E D G C A Correct Part C Identify the gland that produces glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. ANSWER:

D I J K L A G C B E Correct Part D Identify the gland that produces insulin and glucagon. ANSWER:

G E C B D

I L J A K Correct Part E Identify the gland that is the target organ of thyroid-stimulating hormone. ANSWER:

L G D K C I A J E B Correct Part F Identify the neuroendocrine organ that produces and releases catecholamines. ANSWER:

J C B E G A D I K L Correct Part G

Identify the part of the diencephalon that produces and releases releasing and inhibiting hormones. ANSWER:

J E A L B G I K D C Correct Part H In males, FSH prods these organs to produce testosterone. ANSWER:

B D K G E L C I A J Correct Part I Identify the gland that produces and releases a hormone that raises blood calcium levels. ANSWER:

I L D K G

A E C J B Correct Part J Identify the adenohypophysis. ANSWER:

B K A C J I L D E G Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.06 Part A Target cells make more receptors for a particular hormone when the level of that hormone declines in the blood stream. This process is known as: ANSWER:

upregulation. the second-messenger system. downregulation. synergism. Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.09 Part A What type of hormone can cross the plasma membrane to bind to a receptor in the cytosol or nucleus? ANSWER:

protein hormones hydrophilic hormones

hydrophobic hormones amine hormones Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.13 Part A Increasing levels of blood glucose stimulate the release of insulin. This type of stimulation is known as: ANSWER:

humoral stimulation. neural stimulation. positive stimulation. hormonal stimulation. Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.03 Part A What is a major function of the endocrine system? ANSWER:

The endocrine system secretes products into ducts that lead to body surfaces or cavities. The endocrine system produces immediate, short-lasting effects. The endocrine system releases hormones into the bloodstream to reach receptors on target cells. The endocrine system communicates directly with target cells through the use of neurotransmitters. Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.05 Part A Chemical messengers released by endocrine glands to regulate some functions of other cells are known as: ANSWER:

hormones. neurotransmitters. electrolytes. antibodies. Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.10 Part A What type of hormone is made from cholesterol? ANSWER:

amine hormone steroid hormone protein hormone

peptide hormone Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.14 Part A Endocrine cells that increase hormone secretion in response to other hormones are controlled by: ANSWER:

neural stimuli. hormonal stimuli. humoral stimuli. positive stimuli. Correct

True/False Question 16.88 Part A Hormones only affect certain types of cells known as target cells. ANSWER:

True False Correct

True/False Question 16.90 Part A In the second-messenger system, the first messenger initiates a cellular change in activity by binding a receptor in the plasma membrane. ANSWER:

True False Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.22 Part A What hormones are released by the posterior pituitary? ANSWER:

No hormones are released by the posterior pituitary. releasing and inhibiting hormones antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin stimulating hormones Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.33 Part A A short-term effect of growth hormone is: ANSWER:

the production of insulin-like growth factor (IGF). protein synthesis. the stimulation of glucose uptake by cells. fat breakdown. Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.27 Part A Which hormone controls the milk-let-down reflex? ANSWER:

gonadotropins oxytocin prolactin antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin) Correct

True/False Question 16.93 Part A Hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) that occurs before epiphyseal plates close results in a condition known as acromegaly. ANSWER:

True False Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.17 Part A With which gland does the hypothalamus have a close anatomical and physiological relationship? ANSWER:

thyroid gland adrenal gland pituitary gland pineal gland Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.19 Part A Hormones that control hormone secretion from other glands are known as: ANSWER:

trophic hormones. growth hormones. tropic hormones.

steroid hormones. Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.21 Part A What is delivered over the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system? ANSWER:

tropic hormones stimulating hormones releasing and inhibiting hormones trophic hormones Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.24 Part A What is the primary effect of antidiuretic hormone (ADH, or vasopressin)? ANSWER:

sodium retention by the kidneys increases urine production by the kidneys water retention by the kidneys blood glucose regulation Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.28 Part A Where are releasing and inhibiting hormones made? ANSWER:

hypothalamus posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) thyroid gland Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.31 Part A Which hormone stimulates the synthesis of steroid hormones by the adrenal gland? ANSWER:

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) prolactin-inhibiting factor Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.34 Part A

When growth hormone levels are low, which hormone stimulates its release? ANSWER:

somatotropin somatostatin prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH) growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.37 Part A What hormone is made by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland? ANSWER:

thyroxine (T4) triiodothyronine (T3) calcitonin parathyroid hormone (PTH) Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.41 Part A If the thyroid gland is unable to produce iodinated thyroglobulin, what is the effect on hormone production? ANSWER:

Excess triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) hormones are made. Less thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is made. Less triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) hormones are made. Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) production continues uninterrupted. Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.36 Part A Which of the following glands is located in the anterior neck, just superficial to the larynx? ANSWER:

pancreas thyroid gland pituitary gland thymus Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.40 Part A What element is necessary for the production of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)? ANSWER:

calcium

iodine magnesium potassium Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.43 Part A What is NOT a symptom of hyperthyroidism? ANSWER:

weight loss heat intolerance increased blood pressure slow heart rate Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.45 Part A Which of the following accompanies Hashimoto's thyroiditis? ANSWER:

heat intolerance exophthalmos fast heart rate weight gain Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.47 Part A What stimulates the release of parathyroid hormone (PTH)? ANSWER:

hypocalcemia cold temperatures hypercalcemia low basal metabolic rate Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.49 Part A Harrie has fragile bones that easily fracture. Which hormone should be checked for normal levels? ANSWER:

parathyroid hormone (PTH) thyroxine (T4)

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) triiodothyronine (T3) Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.50 Part A What neurohormones are released from the adrenal medulla? ANSWER:

glucocorticoids catecholamines corticosteroids androgenic steroids Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.55 Part A What is NOT a primary effect of aldosterone? ANSWER:

maintaining acid-base balance maintaining blood glucose maintaining blood pressure regulating extracellular fluid volume Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.65 Part A Which of the following is NOT an effect of epinephrine? ANSWER:

constricted blood vessels increased heart rate increased digestive functions dilated bronchioles Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.53 Part A Classify aldosterone to the appropriate group of hormones. ANSWER:

glucocorticoid androgenic steroid mineralocorticoid

catecholamine Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.56 Part A Some potassium-sparing diuretics increase urination without the loss of potassium by working against receptors for: ANSWER:

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). glucocorticoids. aldosterone. cortisol. Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.58 Part A What is NOT a primary target tissue of cortisol? ANSWER:

liver tissue muscle tissue adipose tissue nervous tissue Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.60 Part A Excess cortisol could result in: ANSWER:

an alkaline blood pH. high blood glucose levels. increased parasympathetic nervous system activation. low blood pressure. Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.63 Part A Cushing's disease results from: ANSWER:

hypersecretion of cortisol. hyposecretion of epinephrine. hypersecretion of aldosterone. hyposecretion of insulin. Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.66 Part A The effects of norepinephrine and epinephrine have nearly the same effects as the neurotransmitters of the: ANSWER:

parasympathetic nervous system. somatic nervous system. sympathetic nervous system. afferent nervous system. Correct

True/False Question 16.96 Part A Blood pressure regulation is a function of aldosterone since this hormone indirectly promotes water reabsorption. ANSWER:

True False Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.72 Part A What is NOT a responsibility of insulin? ANSWER:

synthesis of fats from carbohydrates and lipids promotion of satiety gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis glycogen synthesis by the liver Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.68 Part A Which pancreatic cells release insulin and glucagon? ANSWER:

chromaffin cells chief cells pancreatic islets acinar cells Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.71 Part A Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels? ANSWER:

glucagon cortisol insulin growth hormone Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.74 Part A Glucosuria and ketonuria are characteristic of: ANSWER:

Hashimoto's thyroiditis. diabetes insipidus. Type II diabetes mellitus. Type I diabetes mellitus. Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.76 Part A What hormone is the primary antagonist of glucagon? ANSWER:

insulin growth hormone thyroid hormone cortisol Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.77 Part A Melatonin is produced by the: ANSWER:

pineal gland. adrenal glands. kidneys. heart. Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.79 Part A Thymosin and thymopoietin assist in the maturation of: ANSWER:

B lymphocytes. T lymphocytes.

chief cells. alpha cells. Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.81 Part A Testosterone is primarily produced by the: ANSWER:

hypothalamus. testes. posterior pituitary. anterior pituitary. Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.83 Part A What hormone is produced by adipocytes to regulate satiety, a feeling of fullness after eating? ANSWER:

leptin erythropoietin (EPO) calcitriol atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.85 Part A What is the target tissue of erythropoietin (EPO)? ANSWER:

breast tissue adipocytes red bone marrow smooth muscle tissue Correct

Multiple Choice Question 16.86 Part A Which hormones work synergistically to retain water? ANSWER:

aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and aldosterone

aldosterone and cortisol Correct

Chapter 24 Assessment Due: 11:59pm on Tuesday, January 26, 2021 You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy

Multiple Choice Question 24.01 Part A Which of the following is NOT part of the urinary system? ANSWER:

spleen urethra kidney ureter Correct

Multiple Choice Question 24.03 Part A Urine is transported from kidney to the urinary bladder by the: ANSWER:

urethra. aorta. inferior vena cava. ureter. Correct

Multiple Choice Question 24.05 Part A Erythropoietin is produced by the kidneys to: ANSWER:

regulate removal of metabolic wastes. regulate red blood cell production by the bone marrow. regulate blood solute concentration. conserve or eliminate hydrogen and bicarbonate ions. Correct

Multiple Choice Question 24.06 Part A What external covering protects the kidney from physical shock? ANSWER:

adipose capsule

renal pelvis renal capsule renal fascia Correct

Multiple Choice Question 24.22 Part A Simple squamous epithelium is located in the: ANSWER:

ascending limb of the nephron loop (loop of Henle). distal tubule. descending limb of the nephron loop (loop of Henle). proximal tubule. Correct

Chapter 24 Matching Questions 83-88 Match the following:

Part A Glomerulus ANSWER:

F B A

C D E Correct Part B Distal tubule ANSWER:

D C E F B A Correct Part C Nephron loop (Loop of Henle) ANSWER:

D A F C B E Correct Part D Peritubular capillaries ANSWER:

B A D C F E Correct Part E Medullary collecting duct ANSWER:

B D C E F A Correct Part F Proximal tubule ANSWER:

E D A C F B Correct

Multiple Choice Question 24.08 Part A What are the three main regions of the kidney? ANSWER:

renal pelvis, renal medulla, renal cortex renal pelvis, renal sinus, renal fascia renal sinus, renal medulla, renal cortex renal sinus, renal pelvis, renal cortex Correct

Multiple Choice Question 24.10 Part A In which kidney region are the renal pyramids located? ANSWER:

renal sinus renal cortex renal medulla renal pelvis Correct

Multiple Choice Question 24.12

Part A A glomerulus is: ANSWER:

the source of erythropoietin. attached to the collecting duct. a hairpin loop segment of the renal tubule. a set of capillaries within the renal corpuscle. Correct

Multiple Choice Question 24.14 Part A Place these vessels in the correct order as blood flows into and through the kidney. 1. afferent arteriole 2. arcuate artery 3. efferent arteriole 4. glomerulus 5. interlobar artery 6. interlobular (cortical radiate) artery 7. renal artery 8. segmental artery ANSWER:

7, 8, 6, 2, 5, 1, 5, 3 7, 8, 5, 2, 6, 1, 4, 3 7, 8, 2, 5, 6, 3, 4, 1 7, 5, 8, 6, 2, 4, 3, 1 Correct

Multiple Choice Question 24.16 Part A Which vessel is present in the arterial pathway but missing from the venous pathway? ANSWER:

segmental interlobular (cortical radiate) arcuate interlobar Correct

Multiple Choice Question 24.18 Part A Identify the structure marked as "3."

ANSWER:

renal corpuscle collecting duct

proximal tubule distal tubule Correct

Multiple Choice Question 24.20 Part A The portion of the renal tubule through which filtrate initially flows is known as the: ANSWER:

distal tubule. proximal tubule. nephron loop (loop of Henle). collecting duct. Correct

Multiple Choice Question 24.24 Part A The cells of the macula densa and the juxtaglomerular (JG) cells form the: ANSWER:

renal corpuscle. juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA). filtration membrane. nephron loop (loop of Henle). Correct

True/False Question 24.72 Part A The glomerulus is fed and drained by arterioles. ANSWER:

True False Correct

Multiple Choice Question 24.26 Part A The process of filtration occurs in the: ANSWER:

renal corpuscle. proximal tubule. distal tubule. collecting duct. Correct

Multiple Choice Question 24.28 Part A Items reclaimed during tubular reabsorption are returned to the: ANSWER:

minor calyx. blood. collecting system. renal pelvis. Correct

True/False Question 24.74 Part A Filtrate and whole blood contain identical constituents. ANSWER:

True False Correct

Multiple Choice Question 24.46 Part A Which of these is a hormone that lowers blood volume and blood pressure? ANSWER:

renin atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) angiotensin-II (A-II) aldosterone Correct

True/False Question 24.75 Part A Creatinine, urea, uric acid, and ammonium ions are too large to pass through the filtration membrane. ANSWER:

True False Correct

Multiple Choice Question 24.30 Part A Podocytes in fenestrated glomerular capillaries prevent the filtration of large molecules such as: ANSWER:

glucose.

amino acids. albumin. nitrogenous wastes. Correct

Multiple Choice Question 24.38 Part A How does the vessel diameter of the afferent arteriole change in order to decrease glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP) and restore the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to normal? ANSWER:

The afferent arteriole will vasoconstrict. The afferent arteriole has no effect on GHP and GFR. The afferent arteriole will vasoconstrict, then vasodilate. The afferent arteriole will vasodilate. Correct

Multiple Choice Question 24.41 Part A Jasmine has high blood pressure and an increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). How does the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism restore normal pressure in her glomerulus? ANSWER:

The efferent arteriole constricts. The afferent arteriole vasodilates. The juxtaglomerular (JG) cells increase production of renin. The juxtaglomerular (JG) cells decrease production of renin. Correct

True/False Question 24.77 Part A Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole increases glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP) and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). ANSWER:

True False Correct

Multiple Choice Question 24.32 Part A What is the normal value for the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in mL/min? ANSWER:

500 275

125 75 Correct

Multiple Choice Question 24.34 Part A Glomerular colloid osmotic pressure (GCOP) is created by: ANSWER:

proteins such as albumin in the blood. filtrate in the capsular space. systemic blood pressure. fluids in the blood plasma. Correct

Multiple Choice Question 24.36 Part A The glomerular filtration rate is defined as: ANSWER:

the rate at which the kidneys remove a substance from the blood. the amount of filtrate formed by both kidneys in one minute. the amount of filtrate that is reabsorbed ...