A&P Ch1 HW - Human Body PDF

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Human Body...

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Chapter One 1.Anatomical Position 

Standing erect

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Palms facing anterior 

Thumbs lateral

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Feet slightly apart

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Anterior body view

NOT Anatomical Position 

Palms facing posterior  

Thumbs medial 

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Sitting down Feet together Posterior body view

2. Which of these terms refers to a body area found on the dorsal surface? antecubita l deltoid popliteal patellar

3. Which of the following is visible when viewing the anterior of a human body in anatomical position?

olecranal region popliteal region occipital region patellar region

5. Part A - Homeostasis Overview Part complete Homeostasis is essential to body function. The parts of a homeostatic control system communicate and work together to influence changes to maintain homeostasis levels.

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Output : control center's information sent to the effector

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Control center : determines the level at which a variable is to be maintained and analyzes the input to determine the appropriate output

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Effector : provides the means for the control center's response to the stimulus

Response : effector feeds back to reduce the effect of the stimulus and returns the variable to

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homeostatic level 

Stimulus : produces a change in variable

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Input : sensory information sent to the control center

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Receptor : monitors and detects changes in the environment 

Communications in the body happen in a very specific order. In this case, receptors monitor the environment both inside and outside the body. When receptors detect a change, they send input information to the brain. The brain integrates the information and sends an output signal to an effector, which responds to the initial stimulus.

Part B – Pathways of Information Flow It is important to understand the relationship among the players in a homeostatic control system, and what sort of response can result.

The homeostatic control system begins with a stimulus. The brain, or control center, is made aware of the stimulus when the receptor sends on that information. The brain processes that information before communicating to an effector, typically a muscle or gland, to do or release something, which will cause a response. The response can be either positive of negative feedback.

Part C - Positive versus Negative Feedback Hemostasis is the process by which bleeding is stopped by the body. This process involves clot formation. Which of the following statements describes feedback regulation during clot formation? Select the correct answer. During blood clotting, the original stimulus is increased by negative feedback. During blood clotting, the original stimulus is increased by positive feedback until bleeding has stopped. Positive feedback responses are those that must increase in intensity in order to accomplish the goal. Clotting of blood is one example, and uterine contractions during childbirth is another. During childbirth, uterine contractions increase in frequency and strength until the child is born.

Part D - Summary of Homeostatic Control Part complete Now that you have studied the components of a homeostatic control system and their roles, it is time to put that knowledge to use. In this question, you will build a homeostatic control system. Drag and drop the items below in the appropriate order to represent a negative feedback homeostatic control system for body temperature regulation.

In this example, body temperature being below normal is the starting point. From there, the receptors must detect this change, tell the brain, and then the brain will contact muscles in the body and tell them to shiver in order to generate body heat. At that point, the buildup of heat causes body temperature to rise. Since this is the opposite of the stimulus (body temperature too low), it is a negative feedback loop. 6. What is the overall effect of a negative feedback mechanism?

reduces or stops the initial stimulus initiates a stimulus increases the effect of the initial stimulus changes the set point of a variable

7. Which organ system is the slow-acting control system of the body?

nervous system cardiovascular system muscular system endocrine system

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9.

10. Which of these is an example of physiology?

The liver produces many of the blood proteins. Tendons are composed of collagen fibers. The surface of the brain is highly folded. Skin consists of two kinds of tissue.

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12. Which of these regions is distal to the antebrachial region?

tarsal region coxal region carpal region antecubital region 13. Which of the following is an example of a homeostatic imbalance?

wearing wool socks on a cold day being sick with the flu blood clotting perspiration

14. A microscopic image shows many cube-shaped cells forming a tube or duct. What level of structural organization is this?

tissue level organ level chemical level cellular level 15. Which term best characterizes the concept of homeostasis?

relatively stable internal environment positive feedback continuously changing internal environment unchanging internal environment...