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Argumentative Essay Outline about Euthanasia ...

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ENGL0003 ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY OUTLINE

Thesis Statement: Is Euthanasia Justified? Introduction Paragraph (Paragraph 1) Introduction Sentence(s) including affirmative arguments (1, 2 and 3) and thesis statement: Euthanasia is a justifiable practice as it gives the patients an option to die a dignified death, prevents a waste of resources and allows patients to exercise their freedom of choice. Affirmative argument 1: Euthanasia allows the patient to have a dignified death Support 1a: Saves the patient form an otherwise horrible life Support 1b: Gives the patient a chance to die in peace Counterargument: Pressure on elderly or weaker patients to end their lives Rebuttal: Legalization of euthanasia in the United Kingdom Affirmative argument 2: Euthanasia prevents a waste of resources Support 2a: When the patient is in a vegetative state Support 2b: Resources can be used to save patients with more chances of recover Counterargument: Legalization of euthanasia shows that some lives are more worth than others Rebuttal: If there is low to no chance of recovery, then it is a waste of resources Affirmative argument 3: It is the patient’s choice Support 3a: Gives hope to patients with no hope of recovery Support 3b: It is their life therefore their choice to end it Counterargument: Life is a gift of God Rebuttal: It is still the patient’s own life, thereby allowing them to choose what to do with it. Counterargument 1: Difficulties and complications with the legalization of euthanasia Support 1: Euthanasia is not compatible with the ethics of nurses and doctors

ENGL0003 ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY OUTLINE Support 2: Legalizing voluntary euthanasia could lead to the legalization of involuntary euthanasia Rebuttal: Belief that legalizing voluntary euthanasia could lead to the legalization of involuntary euthanasia is belief in a slippery slope argument Concluding Sentence: Therefore, for the above reasons I strongly believe that euthanasia is a justifiable and reasonable practice.

First Body Paragraph (Affirmative: Paragraph 2)

Introduction Sentence: Euthanasia is a way for people suffering from terminal and incurable diseases to escape a life of pain and suffering. It also allows a peaceful death surrounded by the patients loved ones. However, it could put pressure on vulnerable patients to end their lives. This is later proved to be false. Support 1a: Saves the patient from an otherwise horrible life Sub-point 1: Patient is suffering from a terminal illness. (Dimmock and Andrew Fisher 2017,126-131) Sub-point 2: Patient is suffering from an illness that has almost no chance for a cure. (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy 2019) Support 1b: Gives the patient a chance to die in peace Sub-point 1: Allows the patient a chance to die with dignity. (Dignity in Dying 2019) Sub-point 2: Allows the patient to die with peace while also providing closure to the family. (Naga and Mrayyan 2013,35) Counterargument: Pressure on elderly or weaker patients Sub-point 1: Euthanasia may pressurize weaker or elderly patients to end their lives to educe burden. (Naga and Mrayyan 2013,34-35) Sub-point 2: Euthanasia may become a way o get rid of patients with incurable diseases. (Math and Chaturvedi 2012,900) Rebuttal: Legalization of euthanasia in the United Kingdom Support 1A: No evidence provided that the elderly or weaker patients felt pressure to end their lives. (Smets et al. 2010,187-192)

ENGL0003 ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY OUTLINE Support 1B: Most people opting for euthanasia were in extreme physical or psychological pain. (Smets et al. 2010,187-192) Concluding Sentence: As explained above with the example in the United Kingdom, euthanasia Is not a necessarily bad practice.

Second Body Paragraph (Affirmative: Paragraph 3)

Introduction Sentence: In further support of euthanasia, cases of patients in vegetative states and the option of ending the suffering is given below. As well as the couner argument that it shows a bias against vulnerable people. However, it is still a method of saving more lives. Support 2a: When the patient is in a vegetative state Sub-point 1: It gives hope of release to a patient without hope of ever getting better. (OnwuteakaPhilipsen, 2010, 596-603) Sub-point 2: It end the unnecessary suffering of the patient. (Naga and Mrayyan 2013,35) Support 2b: Resources can be used to save patients with more chances of recover Sub-point 1: Euthanasia increases the potential for organ transplant donors. (Math and Chaturvedi 2012,901) Sub-point 2: Euthanasia frees up resources for those people who have higher chances of benefit. (Naga and Mrayyan 2013,35) Counterargument: Legalization of euthanasia shows that some lives are more worth than others Sub-point 1: Allowing euthanasia means accepting that some lives are more desirable than others. (BBC News 2014) Sub-point 2: Euthanasia could become a casual practice. (Naga and Mrayyan 2013,34-35) Rebuttal: If there is low to no chance of recovery, then it is a waste of resources Support 1A: If both the patient and the doctor agree that further treatment would not be able to change the condition of the patient, then euthanasia allows resources that were dedicated to them. This allows the resources to be reassigned allowing someone else’s life to be saved. (Naga and Mrayyan 2013,35)

ENGL0003 ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY OUTLINE Support 1B: A separate legislative body would ensure that euthanasia is taken seriously and measure the cases and need for euthanasia. (Harris 2001,367-370)

Concluding Sentence: As proven above euthanasia has the ability to save more lives than it ends.

Third Body Paragraph (Affirmative: Paragraph 4)

Introduction Sentence (Affirmative Argument 3): Euthanasia is a signal to the light at the end of the tunnel. It also encorages free choice and free will. Howeve, it clashes withthe belief that life is a gift from God. This however does not diminish the person ‘s wishes. Support 3a : Gives hope to patients with no hope of recovery Sub-point 1: Reassures the patient that there is an end to the suffering. (Hess et al, 2013, 53-58) Sub-point 2: Gives the patients knowledge that there is a way to end the pain. (Dimmock and Andrew Fisher 2017,126-131) Support 3b: It is their life therefore their choice to end it Sub-point 1: A person’s body belongs to them and only them. (BBC News 2014) Sub-point 2: Everybody’s body belongs to them and they decide what happens to it. (Dimmock and Andrew Fisher 2017,126-131) Counterargument: Life is a gift of God Sub-point 1: Euthanasia is against the most basic beliefs of Christianity. (BBC News 2014) Sub-point 2: Euthanasia is a blatant disregard of the value of life. (BBC News 2014) Rebuttal: It is still the patient’s own life, thereby allowing them to choose what to do with it. Support 1A: A person’s body belongs to them and not to the government nor the public, therefore it is their chose what they want to do with it. Support 1B: In several instances, Christianity has turned a blind eye to such practices in cases of great severity.

ENGL0003 ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY OUTLINE Concluding Sentence: As proved above free choice and free will along with he blind eye of the Church are in support of euthanasia.

Fourth Body Paragraph (Negative: Paragraph 5)

Introduction Sentence: The difficulties and complications associated with the legalization of euthanasia and the incompatibility of ethics of nurses and doctors are two arguments against euthanasia. However, the belief that legalizing voluntary euthanasia could lead to the legalization of involuntary euthanasia is belief in a slippery slope argument. Counterargument 1: Difficulties and complications with the legalization of euthanasia Support 1A: Commercialization of the healthcare industry. (Math and Chaturvedi 2012,900) Support 1B: Violation of human rights. (Naga and Mrayyan 2013,34-35) Counterargument 2: Euthanasia is not compatible with the ethics of nurses and doctors Support 2A: Healing role of nurses and doctors is not compatible with an idea with the essence of murder. (Boudreau and Somervillle 2014,1-12) Support 2B: Negative effects on nurses and doctors. (BBC News 2014) Rebuttal 1: Belief that legalizing voluntary euthanasia could lead to the legalization of involuntary euthanasia is belief in a slippery slope argument Support 1A: Slippery slope logic is due to a misunderstanding of euthanasia and its effects. (Lillehammer 2002,545-550) Support 1B: Even if it were a possibility, preventive actions will take place. (Harris 2001,367-370) Concluding Sentence: Therefore, the slippery slope logic is a fallible argument.

Conclusion Paragraph (Paragraph 6) Introduction Sentence(s) including main points (1, 2 and 3) and thesis statement: In conclusion euthanasia provides an option of a dignified death, prevents wasting of resources and encourages freedom of choice. However, the complications of legal euthanasia persist. Affirmative argument 1: Euthanasia provides an option of a dignified death

ENGL0003 ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY OUTLINE Support 1A: Prevents the patient from having to live a painful life Support 1B: Allows a peaceful death Counterargument: Puts pressure on vulnerable patients Rebuttal: No evidence of such happenings. Affirmative argument 2: Euthanasia prevents wasting of resources Support 2A: In cases of patients in a vegetative state Support 2B: Reallocation of resources may save lives Counterargument: It may be accepting that some lives are less important than others Rebuttal: Saves more lives as resources are used on patients with a comparative higher recovery rate. Affirmative argument 3: Freedom of choice Support 3A: Gives hope when there is none Support 3B: Encourages freedom of choice and right to choose. Counterargument: Life is a gift of God Rebuttal: The life is still the patients. Counterargument 1: Complications of legal euthanasia Support 1: Incompatible with healing role Support 2: Slippery slope argument Rebuttal: Slippery slope argument is fallible. Concluding Sentence: Therefore, euthanasia is a justifiable practice. Bibliography of all fifteen sources: (alphabetically, by author’s surname) Badr Naga, Bilal & Mrayyan, Majd. (2013). Legal And Ethical Issues Of Euthanasia: Argumentative Essay. Middle East Journal of Nursing. 7. 34-35. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262912253_Legal_And_Ethical_Issues_Of_Euthanasia_Argu mentative_Essay

ENGL0003 ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY OUTLINE Badr Naga, Bilal & Mrayyan, Majd. (2013). Legal And Ethical Issues Of Euthanasia: Argumentative Essay. Middle East Journal of Nursing. 7. 35. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262912253_Legal_And_Ethical_Issues_Of_Euthanasia_Argu mentative_Essay BBC News.2014. Anti-Euthanasia Arguments http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/euthanasia/against/against_1.shtml BBC News.2014. Ethical Problems of Euthanasia http://www.bbc.co.uk/ethics/euthanasia/overview/problems.shtml BBC News.2014. Euthanasia and Assisted Dying http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/christianethics/euthanasia_1.shtml Dignity in Dying.2019.” Our Position” https://www.dignityindying.org.uk/assisted-dying/our-position/ Dimmock, Mark, and Andrew Fisher.2017."Euthanasia." Ethics for A-Level. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers. 126-131. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1wc7r6j.11. Dimmock, Mark, and Andrew Fisher.2017."Euthanasia." Ethics for A-Level. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers. 131-135. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt1wc7r6j.11. Harris, N.M..2001” The Euthanasia Debate”. Journal of the Royal Medical Corps, October 1,2001. https://jramc.bmj.com/content/jramc/147/3/367.full.pdf Hess, Laurie, JEFFREY R. APPLEGATE, JENNIFER RODE BLOSS, LAURA BRAZELTON, GWEN FLINCHUM, SUSAN HORTON, JERRY LABONDE, and JAMES R. ONORATI. 2013. "Euthanasia: Considerations, Concerns, and Complications." Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery 27, no. 1 53-58. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41826566. Lillehammer, Hallvard. 2002."Voluntary Euthanasia and the Logical Slippery Slope Argument." The Cambridge Law Journal 61, no. 3 (Nov): 545-550. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4508931. Math, S.B. and S.K. Chaturvedi.2012.” Euthanasia: Right to Life vs. Right to Die”. The Indian Journal of Medical Research 136 (6).900

ENGL0003 ARGUMENTATIVE ESSAY OUTLINE https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612319/ Math, S.B. and S.K. Chaturvedi.2012.” Euthanasia: Right to Life vs. Right to Die”. The Indian Journal of Medical Research 136 (6).901 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3612319/ Onwuteaka-Philipsen, Bregje D., Mette L. Rurup, H. Roeline W. Pasman, and Agnes Van Der Heide. 2010."The Last Phase of Life: Who Requests and Who Receives Euthanasia or Physician-Assisted Suicide?" Medical Care 48, no. 7 (July): 596-603. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25701507. Smets, Tinne, Johan Bilsen, Joachim Cohen, Mette L. Rurup, and Luc Deliens.2010."Legal Euthanasia in Belgium: Characteristics of All Reported Euthanasia Cases." Medical Care 48, no. 2 (Feb): 187-192. http://www.jstor.org/stable/27798426. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.2019.” Voluntary Euthanasia”. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/euthanasia-voluntary/...