Art - Lecture notes all PDF

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Art ⁃ Perspective ⁃ One point - artist is drawing one vanishing point ⁃ Two point - tilt, 2 vanishing point ⁃ Isometric - both sides and top ⁃ Vanishing point: ⁃ Stuff behind it, very small ⁃ Stuff in front gets exponentially larger ⁃ Load bearing architecture ⁃ Stone ⁃ Incredibly sturdy ⁃ Absorb the climate around it ⁃ Deteriorated by acid rain, wind, sand ⁃ Compression weight ⁃ Tensile weight: how much can be put on it until it breaks ⁃ Pyramids: mostly narrow chambers and halls ⁃ Point towards the sky to show respect to gods ⁃ Stairs structured to bow before the gods/royalty ⁃ Post-Lintel ⁃ Lintel on top ⁃ ***Posts: Doric order, ionic, corinthian ⁃ Look at capital for order ⁃ Doric: thickest + oldest, no base, puffed out pillow capital, ornament + blank entablature ⁃ Ionic: scrolls for capital, volutes, one continuous thing on top of it for balance ⁃ Corinthian: long + slender, most decorated capital (leaves, flowers, volutes), entablature completely plain ⁃ Arches ⁃ No interior support columns ⁃ Voissoir ⁃ Key stone at top to push weight away from top to stabilize ⁃ More space ⁃ Roman ⁃ Lancet (gothic) ⁃ Stretched out arch is a tunnel - barrel vault ⁃ Flying buttresses - spider legs coming off of building ⁃ Makes it possible for stain glasses/windows ⁃ Helped christian lock down europe through medieval times ⁃ Confirmed beliefs in god because of the amazing architecture September 4 - Tuesday ⁃ Freso secco - dry fresco ⁃ Cons: paint can chip overtime ⁃ Buon secco: wet fresco ⁃ Cons: plaster drys quickly, can’t go back and fix anything ⁃ Encaustic: paint and wax

⁃ tempera: made with pigment, uses egg as a binder (fixes well) ⁃ Oil: pigment + egg seed oil ⁃ Pros: best detail ⁃ Acrylic: synthetic, dries rubbery and plastic ⁃ Grafitti: one of the oldest, document lives ⁃ Painting body: tattoo, theater, make up ⁃ Print making: opposite of painting ⁃ Popularity can spread more quickly because of more pieces ⁃ Planography - prints what is drawn on surface ⁃ Limestone: paint image on rock, oil is absorbed and trapped, water poured and absorbs into where the oil Is not, put the color oil, put piece of paper and press ⁃ Relief - prints what is left of the original surface ⁃ Intaglio - prints what is below the surface ⁃ Stencil - prints through open areas in screen ⁃ early photography: 1830s ⁃ Camera obscura - used to trace (image comes out upside down) ⁃ Positive film: picture as seen in real life ⁃ Negative film: opposite light and dark ⁃ Appeture hole: used to take 30 minutes to open and close ⁃ Calo type: metal, bath, negative image on paper, bath, positive paper image ⁃ Motion picture: movie ⁃ Assemblage later 50s ⁃ Uses found items ⁃ 3d art: ⁃ Additive: base material + adding things to it ⁃ Subtractive: base material + taking away things from it ⁃ high Relief: cut deeper ⁃ Low relief: cut more close to surface ⁃ Metal casting: solid, into liquid, into solid ⁃ More durable ⁃ Ceramics: ⁃ Slip: paint ahead of firing ⁃ Mix media: ⁃ Combination of technology or multiple medias ⁃ Installations ⁃ Can be permanent or temporary ⁃ Transform/disrupt how we look at that space ⁃ Temporary ⁃ Creates urgency ⁃ More about reputation than making money ⁃ More about the idea/concept ⁃ Ideas instead of objects ⁃ Deriving meaning ⁃ Primary sources: written by artist themselves

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Secondary sources People thinking George okeefe was a lesbian Flowers close up Lived with housekeeper Iconography Writing in pictures Picture of Jesus and Buddha

⁃ Marina Abramovic The Artist is Present ⁃ “After 40 years of people thinking I should be in a mental hospital I am finally getting acknowledgements” ⁃ childhood ⁃ Mom dressed her up as the devil ⁃ Scheduled and made into a soldier ⁃ Parents wouldn’t kiss her ⁃ Made her into what she is today ⁃ Upcoming ⁃ Lived in a van ⁃ works: ⁃ Laid in 5 point star that was on fair ⁃ Drove for 16 hours in a circle yelling things ⁃ Grandmother of performance art ⁃ Median as the body ⁃ Make statements that are provocative ⁃ Challenging the audience boldly ⁃ Shared experience of audience and performer is the art ⁃ 5 young artists ⁃ Fast for 5 days ⁃ No phones ⁃ Artist is present ⁃ 3 months of sitting at table in moma ⁃ Artist will not falling in love with another artist ⁃ Two hardcore artists ⁃ They were equal ⁃ “Marina is never not preforming” ⁃ Marina is not in love with you, she’s in love with the world ⁃ The aim of her art is not money, that is just a side effect ⁃ Discussion ⁃ Performance is a state of mind ⁃ We move too fast, we need to sit and have a moment ⁃ People came for curiosity, experience ⁃ Some of the poorest countries are the happiest Exam: 20 exam terms, 5 exam slides ⁃ Know column orders ⁃ Other 10: major concepts ⁃ 20 terms

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Short answer essay Athena nike: architecture Post lintel Interior has less room, decoration on outside Ionic Running frieze Marble Columns Made in sections Temples were used to honor gods Anthemius Arches and domes early christians Thick walls Half domes - buttresses Dome, 4 large corner Columns hold up on inside - pendeitnes Stone Weight down and away from top Story of poor people going there Banksy Graffiti Pros and cons Time limit Anatsui Ghanan artist Recycled materials Shape them into individual pieces 2 dimensional and 3 dimensional Very little monetary to works of art Gentileschi

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Modernism Philosophical principles with universal givens Every generation is better than the one before Life doesn’t work like that (there are advancements and declines) Political ideology Formalism Size, layers, patterns ( doesn’t delve into meaning) U can leave out the history to get full meaning Become popular after WWII Didn’t want to paint the world around you Psychoanalytical Not as planned Automatism: working in the moment Salvador Dali Post Modernism

⁃ Open system, everyone is valid ⁃ Post structuralism ⁃ Linguistic theory ⁃ Deconstruction ⁃ photography ⁃ Looking into how we are psychologically wired ⁃ Feminist ⁃ Art vs craft ⁃ Art: painting, sculpture, ⁃ Craft: weaving, glass making (utilitarian) (lower) ⁃ Art is expensive ⁃ Craft is useful and “nice” ⁃ How women are portrayed in art ⁃ Women are models not artist ⁃ Apprentice student system ⁃ Mostly male ⁃ Only opportunity was if ur father was an artist ⁃ Food and Shelter ⁃ Hall of Bulls ⁃ Animals fats help cement images to walls ⁃ Gives info about which animals are good to hunt (shows which animals travel in packs) ⁃ Gives info about the horns ⁃ Horses, bulls, deer, pig/ore ⁃ Threw spears at walls for practice here ⁃ Sympathetic magic ⁃ Going thru motions to change ur fate ⁃ Ceremonially killing targets in theory to have a better chance in real life ⁃ Bison with Turned Head ⁃ The shard looks like it could be a bison ⁃ The head still fits the form ⁃ Gave bison a story: licking himself ⁃ African Rock-Painting ⁃ No longer nomadic ⁃ Building civilizations ⁃ 1st pic: herding cows ⁃ Counting cows to make sure there all here ⁃ 2nd pic: hunting ⁃ Chasing, running, dancing ⁃ Bow n arrow ⁃ Celebrating the hunt ⁃ 3rd pic: dogs chasing water buffalo ⁃ Person is slowly walking behind ⁃ Lets dog to work ⁃ Domestication of dogs

⁃ Cultivating relationships with other animals ⁃ Tyi Wara Dancers with Headdresses ⁃ Ritual practice: tied to ancestral antelopes ⁃ Dance with antelope headdress ⁃ Taught bamana to plant ⁃ flip soil, put seeds in ⁃ Antelopes used horns to flip soil ⁃ Sun: male, female: moons ⁃ sun + moon is how they knew when to pick their food and when to plant ⁃ Male has sun on his back ⁃ Woman has baby on her back ⁃ Saltcellar ⁃ Ivory (elephant tusk, whale bone) ⁃ Lid on bowl at very top ⁃ Holds salt or spices ⁃ When people didn’t have a lot of access to spices ⁃ Pepper in Europe was more expensive than gold ⁃ Went around Africa all the way to India ⁃ Afro Portuguese aesthetic ⁃ Crocodiles ⁃ Heinz 57 Tomato Ketchup and Del Monte Freestone Peach Halves ⁃ Most food was made from scratch before world war ii ⁃ Afterwards: mass production ⁃ media went from We can do it (Rosie riviter) to perfect housewife ⁃ People wanted woman back in the house to give men their jobs back ⁃ Our changing attitude to food and leisure time ⁃ First time having leisure time ⁃ Fresh food is more expensive, needs to be prepared, some areas do not have it ⁃ Farm to table restaurants are more expensive (that use to be the norm) ⁃ Halibut Feast Dish ⁃ pot luck - communal bonding ⁃ Earth tone ⁃ Tea Bowl ⁃ If broke, put back together with gold ⁃ Low moments are for us to pull back together ⁃ Imperfection is part of life ⁃ The cups are not uniform or perfect ⁃ tea parties ⁃ Assigned seats ⁃ long hours ⁃ certain cups for each person ⁃ Taking time to sit and relax: therapeutic ⁃ A Table of Desserts ⁃ Breakfast pieces: pictures of food

⁃ All the fine things: rich ⁃ Fruits and vegetables are becoming more common ⁃ Made in south transported north ⁃ Half eaten food ⁃ Having wealth and money is nice but everyone dies ⁃ Keep faith in good because money isn’t forever ⁃ Pie Counter ⁃ 5 different options ⁃ Consumer culture in 60s ⁃ Lots of options ⁃ Mass production ⁃ city life ⁃ Take in things quickly ⁃ rich people are the only ones who are not judge to treat themselves ⁃ Everyone deserves personal stuff ⁃ Food pieces are sliding towards us ⁃ The Last Supper ⁃ Most heavily documented meal ⁃ most had Judis alone because he betrayed Jesus ⁃ Da Vinci had everyone together because that hadn’t happened yet ⁃ Jesus is speaking ⁃ Apostles reacting ⁃ Everyone has their individual reaction ⁃ John painted feminine ⁃ Maybe was mary mandolin until a pope didn’t want a women in the 12 apostles ⁃ Self-Portrait with Model ⁃ Look like everyday life ⁃ Makes u question is this real life? ⁃ Makes us think about our own life ⁃ We aren’t that interesting in the grand scheme ⁃ The Dinner Party ⁃ 13 place settings on each side ⁃ The last supper ⁃ Witches + covens ⁃ Negative women, hunted by western culture ⁃ Manipulate and get what u want ⁃ women can’t make themselves on their own, did it with magic ⁃ Trick men with sexuality ⁃ Triangle: vagina ⁃ Strong women at the place settings ⁃ Hand crafted everything - turns into fine art ⁃ Heritage floor ⁃ 999 other women contributing to art ⁃ factiousus and real women ⁃ Gnaw

⁃ 2 blocks of chocolate and lard ⁃ On marble pedestals ⁃ Eat at it and then spit it out into resepticable ⁃ Bodily attacking it with face ⁃ Chocolate: all women are same ⁃ Lard: women have a higher fat content ⁃ Next room: large display cases ⁃ Out of the chocolate spit, made into lipstick and chocolate trays ⁃ Stereotypically associated with women ⁃ Overtly feminine ⁃ Soft passive, girly ⁃ Took several months ⁃ Excavation of ancient houses at Catal Huyuk ⁃ Other areas it is common for entire families live together (not just nuclear) ⁃ All sharing interior walls ⁃ Community oriented ⁃ Farmland ⁃ Along a river ⁃ Benefits: food source, irrigation for farmland ⁃ Use everything including roof space ⁃ Doors are on roof ⁃ Ladders to roof ⁃ Animals won’t come in ⁃ Flooding ⁃ Protection (defend from high) ⁃ Smoke of fire for warmth ⁃ These people had no weapons because their thing was built to protect ⁃ Interior fires ⁃ Doyon Cliff Dwellings with Ganaries ⁃ Farmland underneath ⁃ Protection ⁃ Backside ⁃ High angle ⁃ Watch over farmland ⁃ Doesn’t take up space for farming ⁃ Wood scaffolding + mud ⁃ Toba Batak House ⁃ Pegged together ⁃ Swell, shake, ⁃ Stands up against natural disasters ⁃ steep pitch roof ⁃ Lots of rain ⁃ Open ⁃ Breeze can come in ⁃ Not rain comes in

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Human body Stilts: legs (animals live under) Living area: naval Lofted area (sleeping): head Vents Smoke keeps insects away Constant fire Tipi Cover thought to be Main form of housing for Native Americans made just for hunting Animal skins around wood Vent for fires Not warriors in tvs On tipi covers: warfare Conflict and struggle Why their living in tipi Frequent displacement made us think Fallingwater Vacation property Asked FLW to make as much nature into home Escape from NYC Concrete slabs are all separate porches Super close to trees Natural stone from area Entire house is windows Boulder was floor of the house Steps directly go to the stream Water constantly falling over erodes Substructure no longer as strong Villa Rotonda Italian renaissance Florence + Venice started to get over populated Rich people go to countryside to escape Porches Colonial Basic square with dome Basement for servants People didn’t want to see their servants Interior of Markets of Trajan Gift to people from Trajan Shouldn’t have to worry about fire Carson Pirie Scott and Co Giant windows on street help show their stuff Higher up windows: are smaller Glazed in ceramic beautiful steel design on street level

⁃ For rich women ⁃ Hang out their all day ⁃ Had personal shopper ⁃ Have lunch with friends ⁃ Make sure they feel comfortable ⁃ Religions ⁃ Pantheism: polytheism expanded, ⁃ Animism: sprits residing in other objects (rocks, animals) ⁃ Religions were developed to help people understand the works of the world ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃ ⁃

Snake Goddess Polyistic religions Minoan culture - one of the builders of Greece Big cats represent royalty: strong, alpha predators Cat on hat Breasts out - tied to power goddess of fertility Snakes are the penises are possessed Snakes shed skin a few times a year - symbolic for the idea of rebirth Zeus or Poseidon Zeus - thunder bolt Poseidon - Trident - god the seas polytheistic - envisioned gods with human qualities Muscular Shiva as Nataraja, Lord of the Dance pantheistic Fire circle Slash and burn Ash is nutrient Dualistic Shiva Creator + destroyer Looks feminine (duality) Cosmic energy ways Sense of motion Baby lizard Stamps out ignorance Hands One with hour glass (passing of time) Snake coiled around it (rejuvenation) Points down at legging dancing Flame Tlalocan Painting Diety in middle Largest

⁃ Most decorated ⁃ Central location ⁃ Tree growing out of goddess ⁃ Hard to tell gender ⁃ Female ⁃ Goddess of rain ⁃ Fountain hands ⁃ Bird and insects on tree drinking nectar ⁃ priests ⁃ On either side ⁃ Similar headdress as deity ⁃ Hammurabi Stele ⁃ Law + religion ⁃ Leaders often both head of church + state ⁃ The gods want me to (suns of heaven) ⁃ Stele ⁃ large stone slab ⁃ Babylonian laws ⁃ First laws written down ⁃ Most related to property ownership ⁃ Most were punitive ⁃ Eye for eye ⁃ U break my arm, I could break ur arm ⁃ Different punishments for citizens vs non citizens, rich and poor, men and women ⁃ Death punishments: desecrated religious temple, deserted army ⁃ Trail by fire or water: we burn u or u survive ⁃ Hammurabi + God Shamost ⁃ God trumps king ⁃ Shamost is larger ⁃ Hammurabi arms are showing respect ⁃ Rose Window ⁃ Radial symmetry ⁃ Stain glass: biblical stories in pictures ⁃ Most people were illiterate ⁃ Rose windows always dedicated to mary ⁃ Mary in middle with Jesus on thrown ⁃ Powerful because she chose to have the son of god ⁃ Dovers above Mary’s head ⁃ Symbolize Holy Spirit ⁃ an energy ⁃ Dove + flame ⁃ 4 gospel writers ⁃ Below mary ⁃ Guardian angels ⁃ 3rd layer in diamonds

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Kings of Old Testament Show connection of power Jesus is called the king of kings Last layer Old Testament ancestors Mary at center, the rest are petals to a rose The Sacrifice of Isaac Abraham + Sarah Couldn’t have child Sarah became pregnant after child bearing ages Isaac, miracle baby God + Abraham Take son to altar and sacrifice him Abraham Brings servants Bring altar Puts Isaac on altar Gabriel flys in (same from Mary) Do not do it, u already proved urself to God Lamb gets sacrificed Abraham looks like Zesus Borrows style from Greece Isaac looks definite Shield Jaguar and Lady Xoc Inside one of Mayan Temples He has light over her (done in temple) Both wearing crowns, earrings, necklaces, shoes, bracelets, cloak Foreheads felt with small depression Maya royalty —> planks of wood tied to babies head when born elongated foreheads, could tell royalty from others Rope with thorns, incision with tongue, thorns rip incision to bleed Withstand pain as sacrifice Tongue will heal quickly Mohammed’s Ascent into Heaven Muslim see mohammed has prophet Face is veiled - shows respect to not get it wrong Plants, sky, angels, aribic calligraphy Madonna of the Meadow Faces are stylised thru artists Iconoclasm - destroying of art (new religion moving in) Icon theory - biblical figures did not have to look the exact same White blonde hair, white skin? They lived in the Middle East Jesus changes based on where religion is being practiced Mary’s red shirt represents blood, sacrifice Marys blue coat represents royalty The budding flower in background is Jesus

⁃ Isenheim Altarpiece (piece found in a hospital) ⁃ Mary dressed in all white like nurse ⁃ Jesus gives people hope because he shows he survived suffering ⁃ 1500 people went into hospital and didn’t leave ⁃ Showed grizzly pic of Jesus to comfort ⁃ Retablo of Maria de La Luz Casillas and Children ⁃ Retablo - offering on altar to a saint ⁃ Thanking virgin for helping her make thru her 2nd surgery ⁃ Family prayed to saint ⁃ Religion is most used when people suffer ⁃ Kachina ⁃ Animistic religion ⁃ Buffalo ⁃ Kachina dolls: ⁃ Can represent ancestors ⁃ Educate youth about culture ⁃ Fertility ⁃ All colors mean something ⁃ Hopi concept of heaven and hell ⁃ Colorful and then nothingness ⁃ Small things of daily life seem much bigger to them ⁃ Power Figure ⁃ Congo culture very community based, social justice is kept thru community checks and balances ⁃ Medicines inside the belly ⁃ Putting a nail in the doll activates it ⁃ Makes u question ur actions ⁃ Voodoo - ish ⁃ Nail taken out if justice is reached ⁃ Pyramid of the Sun with the Avenue of the Dead ⁃ Street is called the avnue of the dead ⁃ Temples all around (moon and sun) ⁃ slope and flat temples, platforms were used for religious spectacle ⁃ high order priests on top, low on lower platforms ⁃ Great Stupa ⁃ Buddhist structure with Hindi references ⁃ Circle, no stop and no end ⁃ Artificial hill ⁃ Entrances open to cardinal directions ⁃ Heavy stone above entrances, refers to pars of buddhas life ⁃ Visual reminders ⁃ Walking around dot in center while meditating ⁃ Circle represents perfection - moving towards nirvana on walk around hill ⁃ Disks coming out of square on top, moving up to nirvana by tracking journey

⁃ Chartres Cathedral ⁃ Building churches as thanks for making it to year 1000 and not dying ⁃ Early pilgrim churches built in cruciform shape inside ⁃ back of church faces the sun, cleanse ⁃ Chapels around the church to earn more donations ⁃ Reliquary Arm ⁃ Bones of dead holy people ⁃ Better body part - more likely people will come to ur church ⁃ Preist takes reliquary around during church and blesses people ⁃ Dome of the Rock ⁃ Not a lot of pectoral art in islam ⁃ Instead beautiful tile ⁃ Geometry + foliage: arabesques ⁃ Show the plentiness gods put on earth ⁃ Some calligraphy ⁃ Dematerialize: makes something look lighter or weightlessness ⁃ Distracted with pattern ⁃ Masjid-i Shah ⁃ Half dome honeycomb - pockets of decorative area ⁃ Dematerialize through arabesques ⁃ Paradise garden and water ⁃ Calligraphy ⁃ Honeycomb murquanas ⁃ Minarets call for pray ⁃ Large open vast space to pray ⁃ NO FIGURES ⁃ Court of the Lions ⁃ Marquanas ⁃ Demateralization ⁃ Sinan ⁃ Centrally planned ⁃ Based off Hagia Sophia ⁃ Minarets reminded when to pray, man in tower with loud voice ⁃ Inside: light, open, airy, gorgeous, vision dissolves into pattern ⁃ Has carpet for people to pray on ⁃ Parthenon ⁃ Doric columns ⁃ Athens: city below the religious structures ⁃ Show piece for acropolis ⁃ Greek structures used to be brightly painted so u can see them ⁃ Ionic order columns inside ⁃ Doric: past, ionic: future ⁃ Everything tipped in to keep everything looking perfect and straight ⁃ Original statue inside pantheon was made of Ivory and gold, Rome took it apa...