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A Changing World Thesis and Outline Toni Gayle History 104 Professor. Sussie Okiro July 26, 2020

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This paper will examine how the discovery of America changed the world. The information communicated about America's discovery has been documented, and it is very interesting. When American was discovered it began the joining of the most distant parts of the world, by empowering them in learning about different cultures and different beliefs. Many people believe the discovery of America changed globalization in many terms, such as innovation and trade. It will be discussed throughout the paper and examples will be given to support the information provided. Determine three (3) major aspects that demonstrate Old and New World exchanges. There are many aspects in the Old and New World exchanges. Certain aspects of the exchange were positive and negative in the discovery of America. A lot of time when these exchanges happen, it is hard to tell if the outcome will positive or negative. The Old World was considered Europe, Africa, and Asia and the New World was America, in which Christopher Columbus discovered. In this exchange, the Old World supplied cattle, sheep, pigs, and horses. Grains, such as rice, wheat, barley, oats, and other items such as coffee beans, turnips, olives, and onions to the New World. While in the New World, the Americas provided potatoes, peanuts, tomatoes, squash, and other fruits and vegetables to Europe, which was considered the Old World. The exchange between the New and Old World also had some negative effects. These include the transfer of European diseases and the unfavorable eco-system consequences of introducing livestock from Europe. Another significant aspect that demonstrated Old and New exchange was commodification. Commodification quickly affected production in the New World. American silver, tobacco, and

3 other items were used by native peoples for ritual purposes and became European commodities for monetary value. When the Spanish discovered chicha, they bought and traded for it, taking away its spiritual significance for personal gain. This process disrupted native economies and spurred early commercial capitalism. a. List five (5) specific groups that were affected by this event. Provide two (2) examples for each cohort describing how they were affected. Five (5) specific groups that were affected by this event were Native Americans and were affected by diseases and forced migration and stripping of access of wealth. African’s experienced slave labor with extreme brutality, and lack of access to resources to build economic stability. Women in the colonies were also affected, and examples were greater gender division of labor and enhanced misogyny. Men in colonies and Old World were also affected because of the shift in the balance of power. The opposition of new freedom and liberty versus enhanced use of inhuman practices. Another specific group that was affected was the major economic trade powers at the time. English and Dutch multinationals had their trade powers affected. Arab traders also feel the impact of the exchange between the New and Old World. b. List five (5) ways that the creation of new global trade routes affected the occupations and lifestyles of the average working American in the colonies. Five (5) ways that the creation of the new global trade routes affected the occupations and lifestyles of the average working American in the colonies were by changes in African lives, such as cultures and religious beliefs were immediately changed. New patterns and materials of eating and other routine shifts in daily life. Changes to the role and status of women in the certain social status of colonial society. Changes to the occupation of landowners, focusing on the difference

4 between landowners and other people in the community, especially women. Changes in Native American everyday lives and the overall balance of power between established tribes.

c. Use at least three (3) academic references besides or in addition to the textbook. Note: Wikipedia and other similar websites do not qualify as academic resources.

References:

Crosby, A. (n.d.). The Columbian Exchange, Native Americans and the land, nature transformed, TeacherServe, National Humanities Center. Retrieved from http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/nattrans/ntecoindian/essays/columbianb.htm

Grolle, J. (2013, September 20). The 'Columbian Exchange': How discovering the Americas transformed the world. Retrieved from http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/a-923220.html

McNeill, J. R. (n.d.). The Columbian Exchange. Retrieved from http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/nchist-twoworlds/1866

Perspectives, J. o. (2010). The Columbian Exchange: A History of Disease, Food, and Ideas.Nathan Nunn and Nancy Qian....