Banacharcoal (Banana Charcoal) PDF

Preview

Summary

Download Banacharcoal (Banana Charcoal) PDF

Description

BANANA PEELINGS AS AN ALTERNATIVE…

1 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

Nowadays, people living in rural area uses charcoal as their alternative to fuel. Because of its affordability, it has been used for many decades up until now. According to Meathead Goldwyn, charcoal is mostly pure carbon, called char, made by cooking wood in a low oxygen environment, a process that can take days and burns off volatile compounds such as water, methane, hydrogen, and tar. In commercial processing, the burning takes place in large concrete or steel silos with very minimal oxygen and terminates before it all turns to ash. The process leaves black chunks and powder, about 25% of the original weight. Furthermore, patented in 1897 by Ellsworth Zwoyer, the briquette took off when, in the 1920s, Henry Ford, in collaboration with Thomas Edison and EB Kingsford, made lots of them from sawdust and wood scraps from Ford's Detroit auto plants. Cars bodies were made with a lot of wood in those days. So, Ford not only brought the world affordable cars, but he also created an industry that made backyard barbecue easy. The process of making charcoal is prehistoric, with archaeological evidence of charcoal production going back about 30,000 years. Making charcoal is still practiced at home in third world economies such as Haiti. Thus, it is being neglected as technology have been fast-growing and people mostly rely on it. The researchers came up with innovative idea of using banana peels as an alternative source for charcoal production. With the help of heat, charcoal could be produced immediately. In addition, this study aims to help the environment by decreasing the number of wastes such as banana peelings which are thrown without realizing their uses. Furthermore, the researchers chose the cheapest yet effective materials and ingredients such as Banana Peelings, Charcoal Dust and Cassava Starch. With these, the researchers could provide people living in rural areas an affordable alternative for fuel. 1. Banana peelings (Cardaba peelings)- Cardaba has the highest content of nutrients because it has the deepest roots among other banana plants, of which can absorb more nutrients from the soil. No wonder their trunk is long and big so with their fruits. Not only it is nutritious, but it also has various uses such as the capability of it to be converted into charcoal. This is the main ingredient in this study. The cardaba

ABM

BANANA PEELINGS AS AN ALTERNATIVE…

2

peelings needed are those which are thrown already, and the researchers will then convert them to useful charcoal. 2. Charcoal dust- Charcoal dust is a residue from charcoal. It is that soot black substance normally found at the bottom of charcoal sacks, charcoal selling stores or in the charcoal making areas. It results from the chip offs from the charcoal slates. This ingredient was used for covering the cardaba peelings. This increased the burning capability of the peelings; thus, it will be easy and faster to light up a piece. 3. Cassava starch- To form a strong and intact charcoal briquette, the researcher will use cassava starch that will serve as a binder for the charcoal. According to Gabriel Borowsky, et al., as briquettes should have short firing up time and lower smokiness, as well as high maximum temperature and long burning time, the researchers concluded that briquettes with starch as a binder are more appropriate for burning. Nowadays, there is an increased pressure on forests as people cut trees for firewood and other purposes. In the last 30 years, for example, Uganda has lost half of its forest cover. Local people are encouraged to adopt energy saving technologies that put less pressure on natural resources. One example is the use of banana peelings, commonly referred to as banachacoal (banana charcoal), to make charcoal briquettes. As deforestation contributes to the climate change, this study will advocate to use banana peelings as an alternative for safer and environmentally friendly production of charcoal briquettes. According to Rugie Monares, in her study entitled, “The First Banana-Charcoal in the Country", banana fruit is rich in calories, but very low in fats. The fruit contains good amounts of health benefiting antioxidants, minerals, and vitamins. Moreover, the fruit contains good amount of soluble dietary fiber (7% of DRA per 100 g) that helps normal bowel movements; thereby reducing constipation problems. Moreover, charcoal made of banana peelings is safer than the burning of charcoal out of woods as Israel ministry of environmental production stated, production of wood-based charcoal results in the emission of pollution, huge amounts of smoke, and a strong odor which are dangerous for the health of individuals and for the environment per se. In connection to the researchers consisting of all environmental conscious students who are determined to lessen and help the environment to the least possible contribution they could give, the utilization of banana peelings-based charcoal is a great step to help the environment. Indeed, the target market is limited because most people depend on fuel or gas when cooking, the researchers will target those people living in rural areas who are using charcoal as their alternative for fuel.

ABM

BANANA PEELINGS AS AN ALTERNATIVE…

3

The main reason why the researchers came up with this study is because there are still many materials out there that might be potentially use as an alternative for a certain product. This is proven by using banana peelings as an alternative ingredient for producing charcoal. Hence, the product that will be produced by the researchers are made for those charcoal users and made sure that it is affordable and effective to use.

ABM

BANANA PEELINGS AS AN ALTERNATIVE…

4 Chapter 2

PROJECT BACKGROUND AND HISTORY In this chapter, the study will be focusing about the information of the project proponents, proposed name of the project, vision, mission, emblem, type of business organization, as well as the project location.

Project proponents The proponents of this project are graduating student of Our Lady of Fatima University taking up the Accountancy Business and Management strand namely Isaiah John Calma, Giselle Rejano, Neil Jhon Raymundo, Wilkins Enderez, Andrea Guatno, Rhojj Barroa, Ma. Rachelle Mae Miano, Jhon Henry Paul Dunque, Icylyra Ferranco and Elizabeth Zaballa. They are all students who are taking up the research subject. In that sense, the researchers gain more knowledge about creating a business, how to start and manage the business, and also to produce a new product that will help the society and the environment itself. The proponents took up courses in accountancy, marketing management, banking and finance bringing them knowledge about leading, planning controlling and organizing a management and various ways of promoting the best product suitable for people that lacks financially and has been using charcoal to cook food.

Proposed Name of the Project The proponents will name the company as Banachacoal. The creation of charcoal using banana peelings will somehow resolve the destruction of forest resources yet providing effective and affordable product. Obviously, using banana peels is more convenient and safer than burning woods from forest and it is also environment friendly.

Mission Our Company’s mission is to reuse, reduce, and recycle and utilize some improvement in our environment by providing an eco-friendly and less expensive charcoal.

ABM

BANANA PEELINGS AS AN ALTERNATIVE…

5

Vision Our Company envisions to become the number one producer of charcoal around the Philippines without devastating any trees and by using banana peelings as an alternative.

Emblem Figure 1 represents the Banachacoal logo respectively. The proponent of the study desires their business to be recognized as user and producer of alternative charcoal using banana peelings which will nurture again the forest. Additionally, this will reduce the global warming risk and it will also promote reducing the waste coming from bananas. Banachacoal will be carrying an icon surrounded by the old charcoal that will later be turned out to an innovative one. The business aims to maintain the natural resources of forest to show people that devastating the natural resources is not required to produce a product effectively, instead, the researchers will prove that producing efficient and effective charcoal is possible while maintaining the good condition of environment. The contribution of the business to the local community is by means of giving them work and offering them a cheaper yet effective charcoal. The logo wholly represents the company where banana peelings are used to produce effective charcoal briquettes that will soon be use as an alternative for fuel or Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG).

ABM

BANANA PEELINGS AS AN ALTERNATIVE…

6

Figure 1. Logo/Emblem Type of Business Organization The Banachacoal proposed partnership (General Partnership) as their type of business organization. According to the Philippine Civil Code, partnership is a business type where two or more persons bind themselves to contribute money, property, or industry to a common fund, with the intention of dividing the profits among themselves. Consecutively, two or more persons may also form a partnership for the exercise of a profession. According to Patricia Schaefer, some possible pros of partnership are shared cost of start-up, shared responsibilities and work, shared business risks and expenses, complementary skills and additional contacts of each partner can lead to the achievement of greater financial results together than would be possible apart, and mutual support and motivation. Partnership means cooperation or collaboration where ideas, money, effort and time are needed to reach the major goal set by the partners. On the other hand, some possible cons of partnership are partners in a general partnership are jointly and individually liable for the business activities of the other, so if your partner skips town, you'll be liable for all the debts, not just half of them, shared profits meaning you will not receive great amount of money mostly when the business is not in-demand, you do not have the total control over the business, decisions are shared, and differences of opinion can lead to disagreements. Hence, the researchers proposed partnership as their type of business because they believe that no man is an island. Moreover, shared ideas could result to innovative products and services that might be demanded by the customers.

ABM

BANANA PEELINGS AS AN ALTERNATIVE…

7

Project Location The proponents chose to sell the products in Purok 2 Sitio Patnubay, Barangay San Luis, Antipolo City. Since this place is filled with informal settlers which will become the target market of the banachacoal product. Also, it was assumed to have a high demand there because of their purchasing ability that is suitable in our study. Banana Charcoal is somehow identical with the common charcoal that most of the people are using. But the uniqueness and advantage of our product is that it will last longer than the common charcoal. Also, it is more eco-friendly than the usual one which are produced massively by cutting trees without considering the effects of it in our environment. The researchers will promote the use of environmentally friendly yet effective ingredients that do not have any harmful effects to the environment.

Figure 2. Project Location

ABM

BANANA PEELINGS AS AN ALTERNATIVE…

8

Chapter 3 MANAGEMENT AND PERSONNEL FEASIBILITY

Personnel Management According to Flippo (2011), personnel management is the planning, organizing, compensation, integration, and maintenance of people for the purpose of contributing to organizational, individual and societal goals. This portion of research will enumerate the efficient and effective use of human resources for the fulfillment of the company’s goals. Personnel management deal with the concern of human resources. It manages both blue-collars and individual workers. Personnel management is part of Human Resources Department (HR department) because it is primarily concerned with their organization. It maintains a satisfied workforce to fulfill its contribution to their concern. Moreover, personnel management exist to help the workers develop their potential so that they become more reliable and valuable to the organization. It also motivates employees through incentive plans that will push to give their full cooperation. In this project which is entitled as “Banana peelings as an Alternative for charcoal Briquette Production”, should consist of general manager, production supervisor, sales representative, and production worker. General Manager is the one responsible for the whole production. It requires great deal of responsibility throughout the whole organization. He is responsible for the day-to-day operations of the company where he will work closely with every other department within the organization to ensure productivity and efficiency. Sayles (1979), defines general manager as an executive who has overall responsibility for managing both the revenue and cost elements of a company's income statement, known as profit & loss (P&L) responsibility. A General Manager usually oversees most or all the firm's marketing and sales functions. They are the one who is responsible for effective planning, delegating, coordinating, staffing, organizing, and decision making to attain desirable profit-making results for an organization. Executing different concepts or new idea such as promotions, advertisements or strategies that will gain more audience or potential customers that is why they are also consider as innovator of their organization. In addition, General Managers must plan various developments for maximum profitability

ABM

BANANA PEELINGS AS AN ALTERNATIVE…

9

of the business, and they must render wise decisions for the changes and improvements of the business operation. Production supervisor is one who is responsible for supervising the production workers in the whole process of production and maintenance of the working place. Approves or edits the original design from the business or even personalized design from the customers. They maintain workflow by monitoring steps of the process and observing control points and equipment. Also, they are assigned in monitoring the company’s personnel and resources. Production Supervisor is the one who study methods, implementing cost reductions, developing report procedures and systems, and facilitating corrections to malfunctions within process control points. Initiating and promoting the growth of development for the cooperation within and between every department of their organization. Furthermore, Production Supervisor is charged to do production plan by scheduling and assigning personnel such as accomplishing work results, establishing priorities, monitoring progress, revising schedules, resolving problems of the production area, and reporting results of the processing flow on shift production summaries. Keeping up working relationship with the union by following the terms of the agreement and resolves personnel problems by analyzing data, investigating issues, identifying solutions, and recommending action to resolve the problem. Also, they ensure operation of equipment by calling for repairs, evaluating new equipment and techniques. Sales representatives are assigned to find potential customers and build constant relationship with them. They sell their company’s products, goods, and services to customers. Sales representatives work with customers to find what they want, create solutions, and ensure a smooth sales process. Based on Snagajob, the job of sales representatives is to find new sales leads through business directories and client referrals. Sometimes, sales representatives will focus on inside sales which typically involves "cold calling" for new clients while in an office setting or outside sales which involves visiting clients in the field with new or existing clients. Overall, sales representative is the one who build a connection between their company and potential customers. Lastly, production workers deal with the production of the product. They are the one who controlled by production supervisors. Their job is consisted of making the company’s product by doing it with the use of their hand or making it using machinery equipment. They must know how to run their production’s equipment so that they produce company’s product easily. The reason why company do trainings for their hired workers.

ABM

BANANA PEELINGS AS AN ALTERNATIVE…

10

These are the personnel needed for the business to operate and function well. With the help of them, the business will surely be able to compete with the existing companies and will surely drive substantial profit in the business.

Job Analysis Job Analysis is a step-by-step specification of an employment position's requirements, functions, and procedures. The researchers’ proposed personnel are General Manager, Production Supervisor, Sales Representative, and Production workers. All proposed personnel have a different job description and specification for taking all the responsibilities that required in their specific position. Below are the Job Description and Job Specification of each personnel: Position: General Manager Job Description 1. Participating in company's policies, directing, and coordinating all divisional department activities. 2. Developing, reviewing, updating, and implementing business strategic planning like financial performance. 3. Reviews analyses of activities, costs, operations, and forecast data to determine department toward stated goals and objectives. 4. Oversees key projects, processes, and performance reports, data, and analysis. 5. Confers with the administrative personnel to review achievements and objectives, resulting from status and conditions. Job Specification: 1. Most managers will have at least a bachelor’s degree in business management. 2. Must have leadership skills to keep employees motivated. 3. Confident in using Math skills to make sure you know where your company's money is going. 4. Good in speaking and writing because general managers do a lot of communicating. 5. Must have analytical skills and decision-making skills. Working hours: 8 hours per day.

ABM

BANANA PEELINGS AS AN ALTERNATIVE…

11

Position: Sales Representative Job Description 1. Selling products and services using solid arguments to prospective customers. 2. Performing cost-benefit analyses of existing and potential customers. 3. Maintaining positive business relationships to ensure future sales. 4. Reach out to customer leads through cold calling. 5. Expedite the resolution of customer problems and complaints to maximize satisfaction. 6. Achieve agreed upon sales targets and outcomes within schedule. 7. Coordinate sales effort with team members and other departments. 8. Analyze the territory/market’s potential, track sales and status reports. 9. Supply management with reports on customer needs, problems, interests, competitive activities, and potential for new products and services. Job Specification 1. Proven work experience as a sales representative. 2. Excellent knowledge of MS Office. 3. Familiarity with BRM and CRM practices along with ability to build productive business professional relationships. 4. Highly motivated and target driven with a proven track record in sales. 5. Excellent selling, communication, and negotiation skills. 6. Prioritizing, time management and organizational skills.

ABM

BANANA PEELINGS AS AN ALTERNATIVE…

12

7. Ability to create and deliver presentations tailored to the audience needs. 8. Relation...