Bio ch 1 - ch1 campbells biology PDF

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BIOLOGY - CAMPBELL 11E CH.1 - THE THEMES OF BIOLOGY

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BIOLOGY - CAMPBELL 11E CH.1 - THE THEMES OF BIOLOGY CONCEPT: CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE Living organisms share many characteristics: □ Cells are the □

units of life.

is required to sustain life.

□ Growth and reproduction □ □ □

life.

allow living organisms to pass on their traits. maintains stable, suitable conditions for the organism. changes living organisms over time.

Living systems have levels of organization: ● Biosphere – the Earth as a whole EXAMPLE:

● Ecosystems – all living things in an area, and the physical environment ● Communities – groups of organisms inhabiting an ecosystem ● Populations – a group of organisms in an area EXAMPLE:

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BIOLOGY - CAMPBELL 11E CH.1 - THE THEMES OF BIOLOGY CONCEPT: CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE ● Organism – a living creature ● Organ system – a group of organs that function in concert ● Organs – parts of the body specialized to carry out certain functions EXAMPLE:

● Tissues – a group of cells that works together to perform a specific function ● Cells – the basic unit of life, a membrane-enclosed structure ● Organelles – like the organ of a cell, these specialized compartments carry out specific functions for the cell EXAMPLE:

● Molecules – structures made of atoms ● Atom – the fundamental unit of matter EXAMPLE:

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BIOLOGY - CAMPBELL 11E CH.1 - THE THEMES OF BIOLOGY CONCEPT: CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE This course will establish certain themes in biology: ● Emergent properties – properties that arise due to the arrangement and interactions of components of a system. □ Biological systems are more than a sum of their parts. ● Cells are the building blocks of living organisms, and the smallest unit of life. □ There are two major types of cells prokaryotes and eukaryotes. EXAMPLE:

All cells receive operation instructions from their genetic material, inherited from parental cells. ● Cells store their genetic instructions in the molecular code of DNA, which is organized into genes. □ Genome – the entire set of genetic information of an organism ● Gene expression – the process by which the cell transcribes DNA’s code, then translates it into something functional. EXAMPLE:

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BIOLOGY - CAMPBELL 11E CH.1 - THE THEMES OF BIOLOGY CONCEPT: CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE ● Evolution has shaped all life on Earth through the process of natural selection. EXAMPLE:

● Three domains of life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya EXAMPLE:

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BIOLOGY - CAMPBELL 11E CH.1 - THE THEMES OF BIOLOGY CONCEPT: CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE ● All living systems require energy and matter. □ Energy flows through living systems, and is ultimately lost. □ Matter is recycled by living systems, and is conserved. ● Life is in a constant struggle with entropy. EXAMPLE:

● Biological systems use feedback regulation to control biochemical processes. EXAMPLE:

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