Body Organization Vocab PDF

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Body Organization Key Terms and Definitions...

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Body Organization and Positioning Vocabulary

Anatomy: scientific term for the study of body structure. Physiology: the study of how the body functions. Anatomic Position: Subject is standing upright, facing front, arms at sides with palms facing forward and feet parallel. Superior: above or in a higher position. Inferior: below or in a lower position, Anterior or Ventral: toward the front or belly surface. Posterior or Dorsal: toward the back side. Medial: towards the midline of the body. Lateral: farther away from the midline. Proximal: nearer to the origin or attachment point of a structure. Distal: farthest from the origin or attachment point. Frontal Plane: also referred to as coronal plane, divides the body into anterior and posterior sections. Sagittal Plane: a vertical plane or cut separating the body into right and left sections. Midsagittal Plane: a vertical cut down the midline of the body dividing it into equal right and left halves. Transverse Plane: also known horizontal plane, this cut divides the body into superior and inferior sections. Dorsal Cavity: this cavity is divided into two subdivisions the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity. Remember, dorsal means toward the back side, it is the posterior cavity of the body. Cranial Cavity: cavity that contains the brain. Spinal Cavity: cavity that encloses the spinal column. Ventral Cavity: much larger than the dorsal cavity, is still divided into two subdivisions, the thoracic cavity and the abdominopelvic cavity. The two cavities are separated by the diaphragm. Thoracic Cavity: superior to the diaphragm, includes the heart, lungs and the large blood vessels that join the heart. Abdominopelvic Cavity: inferior to the diaphragm, it is divided into two regions, abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity. Abdominal Cavity: this cavity contains the stomach, intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and the spleen. The abdominal cavity is divided into 9 regions and 4 quadrants.

Epigastric Region: located just inferior (below) to the breastbone. Umbilical Region: region around the umbilicus, commonly referred to as the naval. Hypogastric Region: the most inferior of all the midline regions. Hypochondriac Regions: L and R regions just inferior to the ribs. Lumbar Regions: L and R regions which are on a level with the lumbar regions of the spine. Iliac/Inguinal Regions: named for the upper crest of the hip bone. Right Upper Quadrant: RUQ, contains the liver, gallbladder, portions of the stomach, R kidney Left Upper Quadrant: LUQ, contains stomach, spleen, pancreas and L kidney. Right Lower Quadrant: RLQ, contains intestines and appendix. Left Lower Quadrant: LLQ, along with other 3 quadrants, contains the intestines. Pelvic Cavity: contains the urinary bladder, rectum and the internal parts of the reproductive system. Supine Position: laying flat on back. Remember supine = spine. Prone Position: laying flat on stomach or face down. Lateral Recumbent Position: when a person is laying on their side. If laying on L it becomes Left Lateral Recumbent and if laying on the R side, it becomes Right Lateral Recumbent. Fowler’s Position: a laying position with the upper body elevated somewhere between a 45 and 60 degree angle. Semi-Fowler’s: 45 degree angle. High Fowler’s: 90 degree angle. Trendelenburg Postion: a supine position in which the feet are higher than the head; used in patients who become acutely hypotensive. Recovery Position: a slight variation of lateral recumbent positioning, This position helps a semiconscious or unconscious person breathe and permits fluids to drain from the nose and throat so they are aspirated. Position of Comfort: POC, whatever position your patient is most comfortable. Position of Function: the natural position of the hand, arm, foot or leg at rest....