Genetics Vocab PDF

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Breaking down the genetics vocab,...

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Genetics Vocab  Mendel worked with genes that have alleles  Multiple allelism o This is when there is more than 2 alleles of a gene in a population. o May have dozens of alleles of a single gene o A good example of this is blood. o Humans have 2 common alleles for ABO blood types. o A,B and I

 Codominance

o This is an allele of a gene that isn’t always dominant or recessive. It is in between o Example is AB blood, they are both displayed. One isn’t masking the other as in dominant/recessive genes are.  Incomplete dominance o Both of them show through 

 Mendel analyzed genes that affected one trait. The reality is that there are genes that affect many traits.  These are called pleiotropic  Most phenotypes are strongly influenced by environment as well as the genotypes.  This is called gene by environment interaction  An example of this is PKU

Discrete traits  These are the traits that Mendel worked with  They are traits that you can clearly tell a difference in  Ex. Color, shape

Quantitative traits  Ex. height, skin color  There is variation of these, they are like a bell shaped curve

 Nilsson-Ehle used wheat as his model organism to explain quantitative traits  Kernel color exhibited a bell-shaped curve  He proposed that they are a result of many genes  This is called polygenic inheritance  Each genes adds a small amount to the value of the phenotype....