C6 Constructing Hypothesis PDF

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Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners...

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Chapter 6: Constructing Hypothesis 1. What is a Hypothesis? Hypothesis is an assumption that is made on the basis of some evidences, and composes of variables, population and the relation between the variables. 2. Types: i. Null hypothesis: Provides the statement which is contrary to the hypothesis. ii. Simple hypothesis: Shows a relationship between one dependent variable and a single independent variable. iii. Complex hypothesis: Shows the relationship between two or more dependent variables and two or more independent variables. iv. Directional hypothesis: Shows how a researcher is intellectual and committed to a particular outcome. v. Non-directional hypothesis: Use when there is no theory involved. vi. Associative and casual hypothesis: Use when there is a change in one variable resulting in a change in the other variable. 3. Characteristics: i. Simple, specific and conceptually clear ii. Capable of verification: Methods and techniques must be available for data collection and analysis. iii. Relates to the existing body of knowledge iv. Operationalizable: Can be expressed in terms that can be measured. 4. Fuctions: i. Indicates what to find out with the required information only. ii. Improves the validity of the study by making sure that what is set for measurement is really measured. iii. Provide a focused construction of the hypothesis to improve the objectivity of the study. iv. Hypothesis testing helps to make concrete conclusions about what is true and what is false, and to contribute to the formulation of the theory. 5. The testing of a hypothesis: Three phases: i. Constructing the hypothesis. ii. Gathering appropriate evidence. iii. Analysing evidence to draw conclusions as to the validity of the hypothesis. 6. Errors in testing a hypothesis: i. Type I: Rejection of a null hypothesis when it is true. ii. Type II: Acceptance of a null hypothesis when it is false....