Calentamiento a reflujo ingles PDF

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CUESTIONARIO PRACTICAS 6 Y 7: CALENTAMIENTO A REFLUJO

Eduardo Del Castillo Estrella

1. Explain what heating reflux consist? Heating under Reflux refers to an experimental method that involves heating the reactants and inducing the solvent to recondense back into the reaction flask using a condenser. The reactants for reflux experiments can be solid and liquid, or both liquids. The condenser is always completely filled with water to ensure efficient cooling. The vapours, which are given off from the liquid reaction mixture, change from gas phase back to liquid phase due to heat loss. This then causes the liquid mixture to fall back into the round bottom flask. In this way, we can ensure that the chemical reaction involving organic compounds will give a higher yield of product. 2.When do you use this method? Many reactions are slow processes and require prolonged heating.. However, many organic compounds have low boiling points and will vaporise upon exposure to such high heat, so in order to avoid loss of solvent, a reflux system is necessary . So, refluxing provides: 1)a way to conserves the solvent (which, without the temperature lowering, would pass away due its volatility) 2) a efficient way to maintain a constant reaction temperature. 3. In this method , is it posible to cover the condenser tap? No, it isn´t. We are heating organic compounds that will vaporise , so if we use a tap, the gases would dangerously increase the pressure, and it could explose.

4. At what temperatura is the reflux process performed? We must heating at the boiling point temperature of the reaction solvent....