Ccccourse h - gfdgd PDF

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PART A 1. Pedro is going to take English as his foreign language or he is going to take German as his foreign language. His native language is Spanish  , and he doesn’t want to learn French. ➔ EvG ➔ S•−F 2. Interest rates are low, properties are for sale at relatively good rates, and it is a good time to get a mortgage. ➔ L•G•M 3. Either Susan is lying or Susan is deceiving herself. ➔ LvD 4. If Margaret has large bills from law school, she will have debts, and if she has debts, she will have to work hard to pay those debts. Margaret has large bills from law school. So she will have to work hard to pay those debts. ➔ B⊃D ➔ D⊃W ➔B ➔ Therefore W 5. Either John will pass his math final or John will not pass his math final. If he passes his math final, John will go on to take a course in physics. If he does not pass his math final, John will not go on to take a course in physics. ➔ M v −M ➔ M⊃P ➔ −M ⊃ −P

6. Golf consumes a lot of resources. If golf consumes a lot of resources, it is an environmentally costly game. Therefore, golf is an environmentally costly game. ➔ R⊃G

➔R ➔ Therefore E 7. Competition indulges egoism. If competition indulges egoism, it promotes unnecessary conflict. If unnecessary conflict is promoted, then competition has heavy costs. Therefore competition has heavy costs. ➔ C⊃U ➔ U⊃H ➔ Therefore H 8. If the presidency is discredited and the rate of voter participation is low, there is evidence of apathy toward national politics. The presidency is discredited, and the rate of voter participation is low. So there is evidence of apathy in national politics. ➔ D•L⊃A ➔ D•L ➔ Therefore A 9. If wages go up, corporations have an incentive to leave the jurisdiction. If costs for social benefits go up, corporations have that incentive too. If environmental standards are raised, we get the result again: corporations get an incentive to leave the jurisdiction. ➔ U⊃L ➔ B⊃L ➔ E⊃L PART B 3) L v D L

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4) B ⊃ D, D ⊃ W, B, Therefore W

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6) R ⊃ G, R, therefore E R

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7) C ⊃ U, U ⊃ H, Therefore H C

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