(CDI 5) DRUG Education and VICE Control PDF

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NOTES ON CRIME DETECTION AND INVESTIGATIONCDI-5: DRUG EDUCATION and VICE CONTROLDrugs Any chemically active substance rendering a specific effect on the central nervous system of man. A chemical substance that affects the functions of living cells and alters body or mind processes when taken into th...

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NOTES ON CRIME DETECTION AND INVESTIGATION

CDI-5: DRUG EDUCATION and VICE CONTROL Drugs - Any chemically active substance rendering a specific effect on the central nervous system of man. - A chemical substance that affects the functions of living cells and alters body or mind processes when taken into the body or applied through the skin. - Is a chemical substance that brings about physical, emotional or behavioral change in a person taking it. - Any chemical substance, other than food, which is intended for used in the diagnosis, treatment, cure, mitigation or prevention of disease or symptoms. - The term drug derives from the 14th century French word drogue, which means a dry substance. When are drugs harmful? Any drug may be harmful when taken in: - Excess; - Dangerous combinations; - By hypersensitive (allergic) person Drug Abuse - Is the overuse or consumption of drugs other than for medical reasons. - Any non-medical use of drugs that cause physical, psychological, legal, economic, or social damage to the user or to the people affected by the user’s behavior. - Using drugs without prescription. - Abuse of drugs and other substances can lead to physical and psychological dependence. DRUGS COMMONLY ABUSED 1)

STIMULANT - Drug that excite the central nervous system, increasing alertness, decreasing fatigue, delaying sleep, also impale appetite and cause weight loss. a) Shabu – street names, poor man’s cocaine, S, ice, Shabs, Ubas, bato, Siopao Methamphetamine hydrochloride/SHABU - a type of amphetamine also known as “poor man’s cocaine”. Other names are Shabu, Ubas, Siopao, Sha and Ice.

- Shabu is a white, odorless crystal or crystalline powder with a bitter numbing taste. b) Cocaine – an agent that produces a temporary increase of the functional activity or efficiency of an Organism or any of its parts. Street names – Coke, Snow, Flake, Bow Cocaine - is a drug from the leaves of the Coca plant, a shrub that originated in South America. This drug affects the central nervous system as a stimulant. -The name comes from "coca" and the alkaloid suffix -ine, forming cocaine. It is a stimulant, an appetite suppressant, and a topical anesthetic. 2) Opiates/Narcotic - Group of drugs that are used medically to relieve pain, but have a high potential for abuse. -In medicine, the term opiate describes any of the narcotic opioid alkaloids found as natural products in the opium poppy plant, Papaver somniferum. Narcotic – substance that lessens pain and/or induces stupor. a). Opium – is the dried latex obtained from the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum). Opium contains up to 12% morphine, an alkaloid, which is frequently processed chemically to produce heroin. The latex also includes codeine. Opium poppy, Papaver somniferum, is the species of plant from which opium and poppy seeds are derived. Opium is the source of many narcotics, including morphine (and its derivative heroin), thebaine, codeine, papaverine and noscapine. The Latin botanical name means the "sleep-bringing poppy", referring to the sedative properties of some of these opiates. b) Morphine – is a potent opiate analgesic drug that is used to relieve severe pain. It was first isolated in 1804 by Friedrich Serturner, first distributed by him in 1817, and first commercially sold by Merck in 1827. - It took its name from the Greek god of dreams Morpheus. -The most abundant alkaloid found in Opium, the dried sap (latex) derived from shallowly slicing the unripe seedpods of the opium, or common and/or edible, poppy. -

Morphine can usually be found in tablet form, a syrup, injection or as a suppository form. - Morphine is usually taken orally via a syrup, tablet or capsule, however, it can come in an injectable form. C) Heroin – is processed from morphine, a naturally occurring substance extracted from the seed pod of certain varieties of poppy plants.

It is typically sold as a white or brownish powder or as the black sticky substance known on the streets as "black tar heroin”. 3) Hallucinogens - Drugs that are derived from plants chemical substances which affects the perception, sensation, behavior and produces hallucination on the user. Marijuana - is the term used to describe all the plant material like leaves, tops, stems, flowers and roots from a cannabis plant (Cannabis sativa), dried and prepared for smoking or taken orally as “brownies”. -The mind altering component is the tetrahydrocannabinol; THC for short, which is concentrated in the resin. 4) Depressants/Sedatives - Drugs that have mild-calming or sleep-producing effect system. - e.g. Valium

upon the central nervous

5) Inhalants - drugs whose volatile vapors are taken in via the nose and trachea. - includes solvents, bases and aerosol, rugby, gasoline, hair spray, lighter fluid and air freshener 5) Opiates/Narcotics Opiates, sometimes called narcotics, are a group of drugs that are used medically to relieve pain, but have a high potential for abuse. Some opiates come from a resin taken from the seedpod of the Asian poppy. Opiates that are commonly abused are Opium, Morphine, Codeine, and synthesized or manufactured opiates. Opium - refers to the coagulated juice of the opium poppy (Papaver Somniferum L.) and embraces every kind, class and character of opium, whether crude or prepared; the ashes or refuse of the same. OTHER DANGEROUS DRUGS Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or commonly known as "Ecstasy", "XTC", "Adam", "Eden Tablet", or by its any other name - refers to the drug having such chemical composition, including any of its isomers or derivatives in any form; Sedatives - Sedative-hypnotics such as tranquilizers, sleeping pills, and sedatives are drugs, which depress or slow down body functions. These drugs ca be dangerous when not taken according to physician's instructions. Ketamine - is an anesthetic that is abused for its hallucinogenic properties. Its predominant legitimate use is as a veterinary anesthetic.

-can cause dream-like states and hallucinations. Users report sensations ranging from a pleasant feeling of floating to being separated from their bodies. Some ketamine experiences involve a terrifying feeling of almost complete sensory detachment that is likened to a near-death experience. Amphetamines -is a psychostimulant drug of the phenethylamine class that produces increased wakefulness and focus in association with decreased fatigue and appetite. – Drug that is stimulant to the central nervous system. It is colorless and maybe inhaled, injected or swallowed. It may be used medically to treat depression, and obesity. ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION 1) Oral Ingestion - Taken by the mouth and must pass through the stomach before being absorbed in the bloodstream. 2) Inhalation - Drug in gaseous from enters the lungs and is quickly absorbed by the capillary system. 3) Injection - Administered into the body by the use of a stringe or hypodhermic needle. 4) Snorting - Inhalation through the nose of drugs in gaseous form. 5) Buccal - Drugs is administered by placing it in the buccal cavity just under the lips. DEFINITION OF TERMS DRUG –Any substance that enters the human body and can change either the function or structure of the human organism. MEDICINES – Drugs used in the diagnosis, cure, treatment, and prevention of disease or for the relief of pain or discomfort. THREAPEUTICS -Use of drugs in treating and preventing disease and in preserving health. DRUG ABUSE -Deliberate or unintentional continuous of mind changing chemical substances usually for reasons other than legitimate medical purposes, that results in any degree of physical, mental. ABSTINENCE - Cessation of use of a psycho-active substance previously abused, or on which the user developed drug dependence.

DRUG DEPENDENCE -Term relates to physical or psychological dependence or both. - Impaired control over drug-taking behavior is implied. DRUG ADDICT - Person who is physically dependent on one or more psycho-active substances, or whose long term use has produce tolerance, who has lost control over his intake, and would manifest withdrawal symptoms if discontinuance were to occur. DRUG ADDICTION -A chronic disorder characterized by the compulsive use of a substance resulting in physical, psychological, or social harm to the user and continued use despite of that harm. OVERDOSE - The inadvertent of deliberate consumption of much larger doses that the habitually used by the individual in question and resulting in serious toxic reaction or death. POLY DRUG ABUSE - Use of two or more psycho-active substance in quantities and with frequencies that cause the individual significant physiological, psychological, or sociological distress or impairment. REHABILITATION -Restoration of an optimum state of health by medical, physical, psychological, social and peer group support for a chemically dependent person and his significant others. TOLERANCE -Physiological adaptation to the effects of drugs so as diminish the effects with constant dosages or to maintain the intensity and duration of effects through increased dosage. TREATMENT -Application of planned procedures to identify and change patterns of behavior that are maladoptive, destructive, health injuring or to restore appropriate levels of physical, psychological or social functioning. CLANDESTINE LABORATORY -Any facility used for the illegal manufacture of any dangerous drug. CULTIVATE OR CULTURE -Any act of knowingly planting, growing, raising, or permitting the planting, growing or raising of any plant which is source of a dangerous drug. ADMINISTER -Any act of introducing any dangerous drug into the body of any person, with or without his/her knowledge, by injection, inhalation, ingestion or other means. CHEMICAL DIVERSION -Sale, distribution, supply or transport of legitimately imported, in transit, manufactured or procured controlled precursors and essential chemicals. DELIVER

-Any act of knowingly passing a dangerous drug to another, personally or otherwise, and by any means, with or without consideration. DEN, DIVE, RESORT -Place where any dangerous drug and essential chemical is administered, delivered, stored for illegal purposes. DRUG SYNDICATE -Any organized group of two or more persons forming or joining together with the intention of committing any offense prescribed in RA 9165. PRACTITIONER -Any person who is a licensed physician, dentist, chemist, medical technologist, nurse, midwife, veterinarian or pharmacist in the Philippines. ILLEGAL TRAFFICKING -Illegal cultivation, culture, delivery, administration, dispensation, manufacture, sale trading, transportation, distribution, importation, exportation and possession of any dangerous drugs. PLANTING OF EVIDENCE -Willful act by any person of maliciously and surreptitiously inserting, placing, adding or attaching directly or indirectly, through any overt or covert act any dangerous drugs in the person, house, effects or in the immediate vicinity of an innocent individual for the purpose of implicating, incriminating or imputing the commission of any violation of RA 9165.

PUSHER -Any person who sells, trades, administers, dispense, delivers or gives away to another, distributes, dispatches in transit or transports dangerous drugs or who acts as a broker. USE -Any act of injecting, intravenously or intramuscularly, of consuming any dangerous drugs. CONFINEMENT - Refers to the residential treatment and rehabilitation of trainees, clients and patients in a center. CONFIRMATORY TEST - An analytical test using a device, tool or equipment with different chemical or physical principle that is more specific which will validate and confirm the result of the screening test. CONTROLLED DELIVERY -The investigative technique of allowing an unlawful consignment of any dangerous drug, essential chemical to pass into, through out of the country under the supervision of an authorized officer, with a view to gathering evidence to identify any person involved in any dangerous drug related offense. DISPENSE -Any act of giving away, selling or distributing medicine or any dangerous drug with or without the use of prescription.

DRUG DEPENDENT -Refers to a person suffering from drug dependence. FINANCIER - Any person who pays for, raises or supplies money for, or underwrites any of the illegal activities prescribed under RA 9165. INSTRUMENT - Anything that is used or intended to be used, in any manner, in the commission of illegal drug trafficking or related offenses. LABORATORY -Refers to the facility of a private or government agency that is capable of testing a specimen to determine the presence of dangerous drugs PROTECTOR/CODDLER - Any person who knowingly and willfully consents to the unlawful acts provided in RA 9165 and uses his/her influence, power or position in shielding, harboring, screening or facilitating the escape of any person he/she knows or has reasonable grounds to believe on or suspects, has violated the provisions of RA 9165 in order to prevent the arrest, prosecution and conviction of the violator. SCREENING TEST -A rapid test performed to establish potential/presumptive positive result. TRADING -Transactions involving the illegal trafficking of dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential chemicals using electronic devices, or acting as a broker in any such transactions whether for money or any other consideration. THE PHILIPPINE ANTI DRUG EFFORTS On February 16, 1972, Philippine Constabulary Anti Narcotics Unit was activated (CANU). -On March 30, 1972, Republic Act 6425 otherwise known as the ‘Dangerous Drug Act of 1972” was approved. -This law created the Dangerous Drug Board as the policy-making and regulatory body on prevention and control of drug abuse. RA 6425 serves as the backbone of the Philippine drug enforcement system. -January 3, 1973, President Ferdinand E. Marcos ordered the immediate execution of Chinese national Lim Seng alias Gan Sou So, top heroin trafficker in the Philippines, by firing squad at the Fort Bonifacio grounds. - The execution was aired live in television. -CANU was renamed as AFP NARCOM on February 1, 1983

-AFP NARCOM functions were absorbed by PNP Narcotics Group in 1991 -PDEA was created upon enactment of RA 9165 in 2002  Signed June 7, 2002  Published June 19, 2002  Took effect July 4, 2002 -Creation of The new Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB) as the policy and strategy formulating body. -The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) as its implementing arm. -In July 2002, PDDG Anselmo Avenido (Ret.) appointed as first Director General of PDEA. -On April 6, 2006, Gen. Dionisio R. Santiago (Ret) appointed as PDEA Director General vice Anselmo Avenido. -In January 2011, PCSUPT Jose Gutierrez (Ret) was appointed as PDEA Director General vice Gen. Dionisio R. Santiago (Ret). With the creation of PDEA…. -the secretariat of the National Drug Law Enforcement and Prevention Coordinating Center or DEP Center has been absorbed by the new agency …Narcotics Group of the PNP; Narcotics Division of the NBI; and Narcotics Interdiction Unit of the Bureau of Customs have been abolished EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 218 “Strengthening the support mechanism for the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency” -issued on June 18, 2003 by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo. -Creation of Task Forces: The Office of the President, the PNP, and other agencies which were performing drug law enforcement and prevention function prior to the enactment of RA 9165 shall organize anti-drug forces to support the PDEA. -The PDEA shall exercise operational supervision and provide technical support to the main task force created by the PNP. PHILIPPINE DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY (PDEA)   

A law enforcement agency Lead agency on the government’s anti-drug campaign Responsible for efficient and effective law enforcement of all provisions on any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemicals

-Serves as the implementing arm of the Dangerous Drug Board (DDB).

-Responsible for the efficient and effective law enforcement of all the provisions on any dangerous drug and/or controlled precursor and essential chemical as provided in RA 9165. PHILIPPINE DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY (PDEA) -Headed by Director General with the rank of Undersecretary, appointed by the President. -The head of the PDEA is assisted by 2 deputies Director General, with the rank of Assistant Secretary, 1 for Operations and 1 for Administration, also appointed by the President. POWER AND DUTIES OF PDEA -To cause the efficient and effective implementation of the national drug control strategy formulated by the Dangerous Drugs Board; - Undertake the enforcement of the provisions of Article II of RA 9165 relative to the unlawful acts and penalties involving any dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursor and essential chemicals; -Administer oath and issue subpoena and subpoena duces tecum relative to the conduct of investigation involving the violations of RA 9165; -Arrest and apprehend as well as search all violators and seize or confiscate the effects or proceeds of the crimes as provided by law; -Take charge and have custody of all dangerous drugs and/or controlled precursors and essential chemicals seized, confiscated or surrendered to any national, provincial or local law enforcement agency; -Establish a forensic laboratory in each PNP office in every province and city in order to facilitate action on seized or confiscated drugs, thereby hastening their destruction without delay; - Recommend to the DOJ the forfeiture of properties and other assets of persons and/or corporations found to be violating the provisions of RA 9165 and in accordance with the pertinent provisions of the Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2001; - Prepare for prosecution or cause the filing of appropriate criminal and civil cases for violation of all laws n dangerous drugs, controlled precursors and essential chemicals, and other similar controlled substances; -Monitor, and if warranted by circumstances, in coordination with the Philippine Postal Office and the Bureau of Customs, inspect all air cargo packages, parcels and mails in the central post office; -Conduct eradication programs to destroy wild or illegally grown plants from which dangerous drugs may be extracted; -Initiate and undertake the formation of a nationwide organization which shall coordinate and supervise all activities against drug abuse in every province, city, municipality and barangay;

-Establish and maintain a national drug intelligence system in cooperation with law enforcement agencies, other government agencies/offices and local government units that will assist in the apprehension of big-time drug lords; - Establish and maintain close coordination, operation and linkages with international drug control and administration agencies and organizations; -Create and maintain an efficient special enforcement unit to conduct an investigation, file charges and transmit evidence to the proper court; - Require all government and private hospitals, clinics, doctors, dentists and other practitioners to submit a report to it; - Coordinate with the DDB for the facilitation of the issuance of necessary guidelines, rules and regulations for the proper implementation of RA 9165; - Initiate and undertake a national campaign for drug prevention and control programs, where it may enlist the assistance of any department, bureau, office, agency or instrumentality of the government, including government-owned and/or controlled corporations; and -Submit annual and periodic reports to the DDB from time to time and perform such other functions as may be authorized of required under existing laws and as directed by the President. DANGEROUS DRUG BOARD (DDB) -Created by virtue of Republic Act 6425 otherwise known as Dangerous Drug Act of 1972 subsequently repealed by RA 9165. -the policy-making & strategy-formulating body in the planning & formulation of policies & programs on drug prevention & control. -It shall develop and adopt a comprehensive, integrated, unified and balanced national drug abuse prevention and control strategy. DANGEROUS DRUG BOARD (DDB) -DDB composed of 17 members wherein 3 of which are permanent members, the other 12 members are ex- officio capacity and 2 ...