Ch 13 Communication Climate (complete) PDF

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communication climate...

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What is communication climate? Communication climate an emotional tone of a relationship between two or more individuals Don’t involve specific activities so much as it involves the way people feel about each other as they carry out these activities Examples: romance, workplace, friendships and families Climates are shared by everyone who inhabits them (metaphorically or literary)

How communication climates develop? Discomforting message types Conforming communication a message that expresses caring or respect for another person: the person is valued by the speaker Examples: “you exist”, “you matter”, and “you’re important” Children have more open communication with their parents, higher self-esteem, and lower levels of stress

Can be subtler than disagreeing messages but are potentially more dam Disconfirming communication is implicit

Disregard

Teachers enhance in-class participation and students are apprehensive about talking Important in marriage: best marriage predictor

Disregard another person’s message is treated as unimportant or non

Marriage researcher: John Gottman suggest that couple who have positive interaction 5 times more than negative interaction are likely to have happy and successful relationships

Phubbing the act of snubbing others while attending to your phone (i Professor sherry calls it being physically present yet mentally a

Disconfirming communication a sesame that expresses a lack of caring or respect for another person; the person is not valued by the speaker

Fail to give nonverbal recognition during in-person conversations with

Examples: “ you don’t matter”, or “you don’t exist” The conforming or disconfirming interpretation of a message is subjective Cyberbullying: inflicting pain online

Often communicated in small ways

Examples: smiles and eye contact In face-to-face interactions it’s important to confirm your attention du

Aggressiveness Aggressiveness verbal attacks that demean others self-concept and infl

60% of U,S teens have been bullied or harassed online

Demeans the worth of others and is corrosive to relationships

Has been linked to a variety of a negative consequences

“Winning” disagreements at others expense

Including the following: poor academic performance, depression, withdrawal, drug/alcohol abuse,and suicide A key to stop is to blow the whistle on the perpetrators Bullied online: keep copies of the harassing messages and contact a teacher, administrator, or supervisor It will remain a problem if it’s kept a secret and if those who whiteness it fail to intervene

Levels of message confirmation

Examples: name-calling, put-downs, sarcasm, taunting, yellin Often learned in family and is especially dangerous when mixed with One form: bullying Received a good deal of attention in the media and communication sc The word conjures up images of a tough kid but occurs in a variety of Important to find appropriate and constructive ways to respond: send

Ostracism Ostracism intentionally excluding others from social interaction Known as “the social death penalty” since it purposely excludes other Usually involves exclusion from a group but can also take place in oneThe power of ostracism illustrates the “you can’t communicate princip

Confirming messages types

Cause and effects of defensiveness

Recognition

The word suggests protecting yourself from attack

Recognition communicates by awareness of another person

It’s a mistake to talk about a single face we try to project different

Nonverbal: making eye contact or offer a smile

Face-threatening acts behavior by another that is perceived as attack

Verbal: “glad to see you” or “I’ll be right with you”

Erodes relationship stability

Acknowledgment

Isn’t just unrealistic it ignores the role played by people who use face

Acknowledgment Communicates by paying attention to the ideas and feelings of others A stronger form of conformation than simple recognition

Competent communicators protect others face as well as their own

Examples: “ I see your point” or “I can understand how you feel”

Endorsement Endorsement Communicates by agreement with and support for another person Verbal: agreement, offering compliments, or giving praise Getting recognition helps workers “feel interpersonally significant, needed, unique, and particularly successful” Nonverbal: maintaining eye contact and nodding

Disagreeing message types Disagreeing message Message that essentially communicates to another person “you’re wrong”and include argumentativeness and complaining Includes confirming components: recognition and acknowledgment

Argumentativeness Argumentativeness presenting and defending positions on issues while attacking positions taken by others

Skilled instructors carefully protect their students presenting faces whe Leads to less defensive responses from their students Defensiveness is interactive

When you call someone “argumentative” you’re making an unfavorable evaluation The ability to create and deliver a sound argument is an admirable quality in lawyers, talk-show participants, and debaters Can coincide with a number of positive attributes

Creating supportive climate Discovered by psychologist jack gibb in 1961

Blurting indiscriminately saying whatever you’re thinking or feeling Habitual blurting is associated with a variety of traits

The Gibb Categories of Defense-Provoking versus Supportive Behaviors

High in the following: Aggressiveness Psychoticism Neuroticism low in empathy and perspective taking Relatively unconcerned about the harm their comments might do to others

Defense-Provoking Behaviors

Supportive Behaviors

1. Evaluation

1. Description

2. Control

2. Problem Orientation

3. Strategy

3. Spontaneity

4. Neutrality

4. Empathy

Neutrality v.s empathy

5. Superiority

5. Equality

Neutrality(indifference)the sender expresses indifference toward a receiver

6. Certainty

6. Provisionalism

It communicates a lot of concern for the welfare of another and implies that the Empathy the ability to project oneself into another’s persons point of view in att

Evaluation v.s description Evaluation A method in which a standard charges a receiver in someway usually resulting in a defensive response

Minimizes potential threats to self-concepts Accepting others feelings and putting yourself in their place is separate from agr

Are often phrased in the kind of defense-arousing “you” language Description message that describe a speaker’s position without evaluating others Focus on behavior that can be changed rather than on personal characteristics that can’t Often use “I “ language which provoke less defensiveness than “you” language Evaluation

Description

You’re not making any sense.

I’m not clear on the point you’re making.

You’re I would appreciate it if you’d let me know inconsiderate. when you’re running late—I was worried. That’s an ugly tablecloth.

Neutrality

Empathy

This is what happens when you don’t plan properly.

I’m so sorry this turn out the way expected.

Sometimes things just don’t work out. That’s the way it goes.

I know you put a time and effort i project.

Don’t get too excited— everybody gets promoted sooner or later.

I’ll bet you’re pr excited about th promotion.

I’m not crazy about big blue stripes; I like something more subtle.

Control v.s problem orientation Controlling communication Messages that attempt to impose some sort of outcome on another person resulting in a defensive response The object of control can involve anything The channel can range from words, gestures, tone of voice and control can be accomplished through status Problem orientation communicators focus on working together to solve their problems instead of trying to impose their own solutions on one another The goal is to work out some arrangement in which everyone feels like a winner Superiority v.s equality

Often uses “we” language Controlling

Problem Oriented

Get off your phone—now! I need to talk to you.

I really need to talk soon. Can you take a break?

There’s only one way to handle this problem …

Looks like we have a problem. Let’s work out a solution we can both live with.

Either you start working harder, or you’re fired!

The production in your department hasn’t been as high as I’d hoped. Any ideas on what we could do?

Strategy v.s spontaneity Strategy a sender tries to manipulate or deceive a receiver A defense arousing style of communication

Superiority the sender states or implies that the receiver is inferior Sending patronizing messages that are either explicity or implicitly Equality the sender regards the receiver with respect

Superiority

Equality

When you get to be in my position someday, then you’ll understand.

I’d like to hear h looks to you. Th you how it looks

No, not that way! Let me show you how to do it right.

What if you tried

You really believe that?

Here’s another w about it …

Certainty v.s provisionalism...