Chapter 15 Main Bank Multiple Choice Questions final-TIF copy PDF

Preview

Summary

Download Chapter 15 Main Bank Multiple Choice Questions final-TIF copy PDF

Description

Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders

1) If a therapist thinks about psychological disorders in the same general way a physician thinks about diseases, the therapist is primarily applying the ______________ model to understand mental illness. a. diagnostic b. biopsychosocial c. maladaptive d. medical Correct: The medical model involves using our understanding of medical conditions to think about psychological conditions. For example, a psychological disorder, just like a medical condition, can be thought of in terms of its symptoms, causes, preventative measures, and treatments. Answer: d Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 625 Skill: Conceptual Objective: Know the key terminology associated with defining and classifying psychological disorders. 2) Jonah's therapist tells him that his depression is likely the result of several factors, including having a genetic predisposition to depression, a pessimistic personality, and a chaotic family life. This view of depression is an example of the _______________ model. a. many-factor b. biopsychosocial c. maladaptive d. medical Correct: The biopsychosocial model assumes that mental illnesses like depression have many different causes. In particular, the model suggests that mental health is the result of interactions between biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 625 Skill: Applied

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

Page 1 of 56

Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders

Objective: Know the key terminology associated with defining and classifying psychological disorders. 3) The psychological study of mental illness is most accurately referred to as a. abnormal psychology. b. biopsychosocial psychology. c. maladaptive psychology. d. medical psychology Correct: Abnormal psychology is the psychological study of mental illness. Answer: a Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 625 Skill: Factual Objective: Know the key terminology associated with defining and classifying psychological disorders. 4) Kendra is a 10-year-old musical prodigy. If she hears a piece of music once, she can play it perfectly on the piano from memory. Kendra's abilities would be accurately described using which of the following terms? a. abnormal b. unusual c. maladaptive d. stigmatized Correct: Kendra's ability is unusual because it is rare for a 10-year-old to be so musically talented. However, because her ability does not cause distress, impair her ability to function, or harm anyone, it would be incorrect to consider it abnormal or maladaptive. Answer: b Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 626 Skill: Applied Objective: Know the key terminology associated with defining and classifying psychological disorders.

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

Page 2 of 56

Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders

5) One sign of abnormality is when a person engages in behaviour that creates a great deal of a. distress. b. attention. c. distraction. d. disapproval. Correct: One of the three criteria for identifying maladaptive or "abnormal" behaviour is whether or not the behaviour causes distress to self or others. Answer: a Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 626 Skill: Conceptual Objective: Know the key terminology associated with defining and classifying psychological disorders. 6) Any pattern of behaviour that causes people significant distress, increases the risk of injury or death, and/or harms their ability to function in daily life is called a. maladaptive. c. stress syndrome. d. adaptive behaviour. Correct: The American Psychiatric Association provides three main criteria to identify maladaptive behaviour: 1) The behaviour causes distress to self or others; 2) The behaviour impairs the ability to function in day-to-day activities; 3) The behaviour increases the risk of injury, death, legal problems or punishment for breaking rules, or other detrimental consequences.b. humours. Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 626 Skill: Conceptual Objective: Know the key terminology associated with defining and classifying psychological disorders.

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

Page 3 of 56

Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders

7) DSM stands for a. Diagrammatic and Statistical Manual. b. Deviance and Sadism Manual. c. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual. d. Developmental Sickness Model. Correct: To diagnose psychological disorders, psychologists and psychiatrists rely on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), the manual that establishes criteria for the diagnosis of mental disorders. Answer: c Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 627 Skill: Factual Objective: Know the key terminology associated with defining and classifying psychological disorders. 8) The primary purpose of the DSM-Vis to a. help psychologists assess only normal behaviour. b. keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum. c. help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders. d. describe the causes of common physiological disorders. Correct: To diagnose psychological disorders, psychologists and psychiatrists rely on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), the manual that establishes criteria for the diagnosis of mental disorders. Answer: c Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 627 Skill: Factual Objective: Know the key terminology associated with defining and classifying psychological disorders. 9) Dr. Nwoambi is an American psychologist who is currently evaluating a new client. Dr. Nwoambi would most likely refer to the _________ to assist her in diagnosing her client's psychological disorder.

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

Page 4 of 56

Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders

a. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders b. Physician's Desk Reference c. Textbook of Psychological Disorders d. Manual of Psychological and Behavioural Disorders Correct: To diagnose psychological disorders, psychologists and psychiatrists rely on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V), the manual that establishes criteria for the diagnosis of mental disorders. Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 627 Skill: Factual Objective: Know the key terminology associated with defining and classifying psychological disorders. 10) The etiology of a psychological disorder refers to its a. formal classification. b. symptoms. c. origins or causes. Correct: Etiology refers to the origins or causes of symptoms. d. treatment. Answer: c Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 627 Skill: Factual Objective: Know the key terminology associated with defining and classifying psychological disorders. 11) The diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5 are based on a __________ approach. a. biological b. biopsychosocial c. psychological d. social and cultural

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

Page 5 of 56

Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders

Correct: The DSM-V addresses problems associated with the physical, mental, and social functioning of an individual. Its widespread use attests to how useful the biopsychosocial model is in understanding mental health. Answer: b Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 627 Skill: Factual Objective: Know the key terminology associated with defining and classifying psychological disorders. 12) The ________ rule is a test of legal insanity that came from an 1843 British trial. a. Irresistible Impulse b. Durham c. M'Naghten d. ALI Correct: The precedent for the insanity defense was set in Great Britain in 1843, when a jury found Daniel M'Naghten was not legally responsible for his actions. The test for determining whether a defendant is "not guilty by reason of insanity" is now known as the "M'Naghten rule." Answer: c Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 632 Skill: Conceptual Objective: Understand the differences between the concepts of psychological disorders and insanity. 13) Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the intersection of the mental health and legal industries? a. The insanity defense is raised in less than 1% of all criminal trials, and is only successful about 20% of the time. b. "Insanity" is a psychological/psychiatric term. c. The serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer was famously found not guilty by reason of insanity. d. The precedent for the insanity defense is a trial that occurred in the 1970s.

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

Page 6 of 56

Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders

Correct: The insanity defense is a rare occurrence—it is advanced in fewer than 1% of U.S. federal cases—and it has a success rate of only 20% of the time when it is used. Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 632 Skill: Factual Objective: Understand the differences between the concepts of psychological disorders and insanity. 14) Stigmatization is often an unintended result of a. outpatient treatment for psychological disorders. b. using the dimensional view instead of the categorical view to diagnosis mental illness. c. applying the medical model. d. labeling individuals as suffering from a psychological disorder. Correct: Labeling a person as suffering from a psychological disorder may help treat the problem; however, these diagnostic labels can also have their drawbacks, the worst of which is stigmatization. Answer: d Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 631 Skill: Conceptual Objective: Apply your knowledge to understand the symptoms, stereotypes, and stigma surrounding psychological disorders. 15) Melissa was recently diagnosed as suffering from bipolar disorder. When her coworkers find out, they stop inviting her to get drinks after work, and her boss promotes several less qualified employees ahead of her. The most likely cause of Melissa's treatment is a. the M'Naghten effect. b. the stigma associated with mental illness. c. her coworkers confusing "unusual" behaviour for "abnormal" behaviour. d. her coworkers confusing bipolar and unipolar disorder.

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

Page 7 of 56

Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders

Correct: Stigmas include negative stereotypes about what it means to have a psychological disorder, and stigmatization may lead to discrimination, unjustified fears, and alienation. Answer: b Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 631 Skill: Applied Objective: Apply your knowledge to understand the symptoms, stereotypes, and stigma surrounding psychological disorders. 16) In a famous study discussed in your textbook, eight normal individuals were committed to a psychiatric hospital after claiming that they were experiencing hallucinations. Which of the following happened next? a. The hospital staff continued to view them as abnormal, despite the fact that they had no symptoms. b. The hospital staff realized that they had been faking their original symptoms. c. Being in the psychiatric hospital caused them to develop real psychological symptoms after several days. d. They quickly quit the study because the conditions in the psychiatric hospital were so poor. Correct: After their admission, these so-called patients behaved normally, complaining of no psychiatric symptoms whatsoever. Nonetheless, they remained hospitalized for an average of 19 days until being released as "in remission." Apparently, the initial diagnosis led the hospital staff to misinterpret even normal behaviour as symptoms of an illness. Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 630 Skill: Factual Objective: Apply your knowledge to understand the symptoms, stereotypes, and stigma surrounding psychological disorders. 17) Which of the following best describes the argument for the use of labels applied to psychological disorders? a. There are no recognized negative side effects associated with the use of labels for psychological disorders. Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

Page 8 of 56

Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders

b. Labels provide an alternative to the DSM system for diagnosing mental illness. c. Using labels reduces the stigma associated with mental illness. d. Labels are often necessary for identifying and treating specific psychological disorders. Correct: Many professionals agree that labels—such as those found in the DSM—are a necessary means of identifying and describing the problems they encounter. However, the use of labels can also lead to stigmatization of those diagnosed with a psychological disorder. Answer: d Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 629 Skill: Conceptual Objective: Analyze whether the benefits of labeling psychological disorders outweigh the disadvantages. 18) Research indicates that one way to reduce the stigma associated with mental illness is to a. remove individuals with mental illness from the general population. b. increase knowledge of biopsychosocial explanations of mental illness. c. reduce unnecessary concern by limiting the public's exposure to topics related to mental illness. d. require people diagnosed with mental illness to notify their employers. Correct: Research shows that personal contact and knowledge of biopsychosocial explanations of mental illness are associated with lower stigma. Answer: b Diff: 1 Type: MC Page Reference: 630 Skill: Factual Objective: Apply your knowledge to understand the symptoms, stereotypes, and stigma surrounding psychological disorders. 19) When comparing individuals from a variety of cultures who have been diagnosed with PTSD, researchers have found that a. individuals from Western and Eastern cultures experience the same physiological, cognitive, and emotional symptoms.

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

Page 9 of 56

Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders

b. individuals from Western cultures experience different physiological, cognitive, and emotional symptoms, compared to those from Eastern cultures. c. individuals from Western cultures experience the same physiological symptoms as those from Eastern cultures, but experience different cognitive and emotional symptoms. d. individuals from Western cultures experience the same cognitive and emotional symptoms as those from Eastern cultures, but experience different physiological symptoms. Correct: Several teams of researchers have studied PTSD in war-torn villages of Afghanistan, as well as in the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami that struck Sri Lanka. They found very clear evidence of the physiological symptoms of PTSD, but they were surprised at the difference in the cognitive and emotional symptoms experienced by members of Western and Eastern cultures. Answer: c Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 663 Skill: Factual Objective: Apply your knowledge to understand the symptoms, stereotypes, and stigma surrounding psychological disorders. 20) People with _________ disorders have an excessively rigid, maladaptive pattern of behaviour and ways of relating to others. a. personality b. mood c. affective d. schizophrenic Correct: Mental health professionals identify personality disorders as particularly unusual patterns of behaviour for one's culture that are maladaptive, distressing to oneself or others, and resistant to change. Answer: a Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 636 Skill: Conceptual Objective: Know the key terminology associated with personality and dissociative disorders.

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

Page 10 of 56

Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders

21) Antisocial, paranoid, and schizoid are all types of ________ disorders. a. mood b. dissociative c. personality d. anxiety Correct: Statement of fact. Answer: c Diff: 2 Type: MC Page Reference: 636 Skill: Factual Objective: Know the key terminology associated with personality and dissociative disorders. 22) Which cluster of personality disorders contains paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders? a. the anxious and fearful cluster b. the odd and eccentric cluster c. the dramatic and emotional cluster d. the erratic and somatoform cluster Correct: Statement of fact. Answer: b Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 636 Skill: Factual Objective: Know the key terminology associated with personality and dissociative disorders. 23) A person who has been diagnosed with borderline personality disorder is most likely to exhibit a. a charming, self-centered, and manipulative interpersonal style. b. impulsivity and unpredictability in his or her interactions with others. c. intense discomfort in most social situations and odd thinking and behaviour patterns.

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

Page 11 of 56

Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders

d. a strong need to be the center of attention in all social situations. Correct: Borderline personality disorder is characterized by intense extremes between positive and negative emotions, an unstable sense of self, impulsivity, and difficult social relationships. Answer: b Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 637 Skill: Conceptual Objective: Know the key terminology associated with personality and dissociative disorders. 24) Marty is moody, often switching from one extreme emotion to its opposite. He wants to have close relationships but is unable to do so because he is untrusting of others. Marty is most likely suffering from ______ personality disorder. a. antisocial b. avoidant c. dependent d. borderline Correct: Borderline personality disorder is characterized by intense extremes between positive and negative emotions, an unstable sense of self, impulsivity, and difficult social relationships. Answer: d Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 637 Skill: Applied Objective: Know the key terminology associated with personality and dissociative disorders. 25) The tendency to think in "all-or-none" terms is characteristic of a. antisocial personality disorder. b. borderline personality disorder. c. paranoid schizophrenia. d. a dissociative fugue.

Copyright © 2015 Pearson Canada Inc.

Page 12 of 56

Krause, Corts, Dolderman, Smith, Psychological Science, Canadian Edition, Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders

Correct: Borderline personality disorder is characterized by intense extremes between positive and negative emotions, an unstable sense of self, impulsivity, and difficult social relationships. Answer: b Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 637 Skill: Factual Objective: Know the key terminology associated with personality and dissociative disorders. 26) Self-injury, such as the intentional cutting of one's self, is most closely associated with which personality disorder? a. antisocial b. avoidant c. dependent d. borderline Correct: One of the most distinguishing features of borderline personality disorder is the tendency toward self-injury, which may involve cutting or burning oneself. Answer: d Diff: 3 Type: MC Page Reference: 637 Skill: Factual Objective: Know the key terminology associated with personality and dissociative disorders. 27) Cindy craves the attention of everyone around her. The few friends that she has admit that Cindy is "full of herself," and acts like she is better than everyone else. When Cindy had sex with her best friend's boyfriend, she felt no remorse. Which personality disorder would Cindy be most likely to be diagnosed with? a. borderline b. a...