Chapter 36, 37, 38, 40, 41 Quizlet PDF

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Professor Ali Baroon
Pathophysiology WCU
Chapter 36, 37, 38, 40, 41 Quizlet...

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Chapter 36 Which symptom suggests the presence of a hiatal hernia? Heartburn Proton Pump inhibitors may be used in the management of peptic ulcer disease to Decrease hydrochloric acid (HCl) Secretion Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of Gastric Ulcer

Barrett esophagus is a Preneoplastic lesion What finding should prompt further diagnostic testing in a child presenting with diarrhea? Blood & mucus in the stools Fecal leukocyte screening would be indicated in a patient with suspected Enterocolitis

The most common cause of mechanical bowel obstruction is Adhesions

What finding would rule out a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in a patient with chronic diarrhea? Bloody stools

Acute right lower quadrant pain associated with rebound tenderness and systemic signs of inflammation are indicative of Appendicitis

An urgent surgical consult is indicated for the patient w/ acute abdominal pain and Absent bowel sounds

A silent abdomen 3 hours after bowel surgery most likely indicates Functional bowel obstruction Ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with Bloody diarrhea An early indicator of colon cancer is A change in bowel habits A patient who should be routinely evaluated for peptic ulcer disease is one who is Being treated with high-dose oral glucocorticoids Celiac sprue is a malabsorptive disorder associate with Inflammatory reaction to gluten-containing foods What clinical finding would suggest an esophageal cause of a client’s report of dysphagia? Chest pain during meals

Constipation in an elderly patient can be best treated by Increasing fiber in the diet A patient receiving chemotherapy may be at greater risk for development of Stomatitis Esophageal varices represent a complication of ____ hypertension Portal A patient with chronic gastritis would likely be tested for Heliobacter pylori Rupture of esophageal varices is a complication of cirrhosis with portal hypertension and carries a high ___ rate Mortality Premature infants are at greater risk for developing Necrotizing enterocolitis Dumping syndrome is commonly seen after ___ procedures Gastric Bypass Chapter 37

Normal bile is composed of Water, electrolytes, and organic solutes Patients with acute pancreatitis are generally made NPO and may require continuous gastric suctioning in order to Remove the usual stimuli for pancreatic secretion Most gallstones are composed of Cholesterol Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of Pancreatitis The definitive treatment for cholecystitis is Cholecystectomy A biliary cause of acute pancreatitis is suggested by an elevation in which serum laboratory results? Alkaline phosphatase A patient with pancreatitis may experience muscle cramps secondary to HYPOCALCEMIA Chronic pancreatitis may lead to Diabetes mellitus The most challenging aspect of treatment for chronic pancreatitis is Pain control It is true that gallstones are More common in women The finding of hypotension, rigid abdomen, and absent bowel sounds in a patient with pancreatitis Indicates peritonitis with substantial risk for sepsis and shock Untreated acute cholecystitis may lead to __ of the gallbladder wall. Gangrene It is true that biliary cancer

Tend to be asymptomatic & progress insidiously More than half of the initial cases of pancreatitis are associated with Alcoholism Narcotic administration should be administered carefully in patients with acute pancreatitis related to potential for Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction The pain associated w/ chronic pancreatitis is generally described as ___ in nature Steady and boring Chapter 38 Jaundice is a common manifestation of Liver disease Pathophysiologically, esophageal varices can be attributed to Portal hypertension Hepatitis B is usually transmitted by exposure to Blood or semen Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with Increased blood ammonia levels An increased urine bilirubin is associated w/ Hepatitis Liver transaminase elevations in which aspartate aminotransferase (AST) is markedly greater than alanine amino transferase (ALT) is characteristic of Alcohol-induced injury A viral hepatitis screen w/ positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) should be interpreted as ___ hepatitis B. Acute What laboratory data would support a diagnosis of hemochromatosis? Elevated ferritin

What form of viral hepatitis is likely to be transmitted sexually? Hepatitis B

An increase in ADH secretion occurs in response to Dehydration

Brain injury secondary to high serum bilirubin is called Kernicterus

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) increases Water reabsorption in the collecting tubule of the kidney

The most common causes of prehepatic jaundice are ____ & ineffective erythropoiesis Hemolysis A patient w/ a history of alcoholism presents w/ hematemesis & profound anemia. The expected diagnosis is Gastroesophageal varices A patient admitted with bleeding related to esophageal varices could be expected to receive a continuous intravenous infusion of Octreotide acetate A patient being treated for hepatic encephalopathy could be expected to receive a(n) ___ diet Low protein and high fiber

A clinical finding consistent w/ a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) is Hyponatremia Diabetes insipidus is a condition that Results from inadequate ADH secretion It is true that the synthesis of thyroid hormones Is inhibited by iodine deficiency In comparison to triiodothyronine (T3), the hormone thyroxine (T4) Is more abundant in the circulation

An infusion of mannitol would be prescribed to treat Cerebral edema

The formation of active vitamin D Is impaired in renal failure Clinical manifestations of Graves’ disease may include Tremor

Hepatitis w/ the presence of autoantibodies & positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) is Autoimmune hepatitis

It is true that Graves’ disease is Associated w/ autoantibodies to TSH receptors

___ disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in which excessive amounts of copper accumulate in the liver. Wilson

Propylthiouracil may be used to treat hyperthyroidism, because Inhibits thyroid hormone synthesis

Steatohepatitis is caused by an accumulation of __ in the liver cells Fat Chapter 40 It is true that growth hormone excess in adults Results in the condition of acromegaly

Myxedema coma is a severe condition associated with Hypothyroidism Clinical manifestations of hypoparathyroidism Result from decreased serum ionized calcium Aldosterone secretion is regulated by the

presence of __ in the circulation Angiotensin II A clinical finding that is consistent with a diagnosis of adrenocortical insufficiency is HYPOglycemia What effect would adrenocortical insufficiency have on an individual’s response to surgical stress? More prone to hypotension Which response to an injection of ACTH indicates a primary adrenal insufficiency? No change in serum glucocorticoid level A laboratory finding that would help confirm the diagnosis of hyperaldosteronism is HYPOkalemia The signs & symptoms of adrenocortical hormone excess may occur from either a primary or secondary disorder. A symptom associated with primary Cushing Syndrome is HYPERglycemia Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (adrenogenital syndrome) results from Blocked cortisol production Surgical removal of a gland may result in Hyposecretion Growth hormone deficient infants would display Normal birth length and weight A thyroid gland that grows larger than normal is known as Goiter A patient reporting vision changes, photophobia, and lid lag may be exhibiting signs of Grave’s disease

Radioactive iodine treatment is the therapy of choice in patients with Graves’ disease. The patient should be expected to Need lifelong thyroid replacement therapy A tumor which results in excessive production & release of catecholamines is Pheochromocytoma Calcitonin is produced by thyroid parafollicular cells and increase bone formation by Osteo BLASTS A patient presenting with muscle cramps, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and prolonged Q-T intervals on EKG may be showing symptoms of HYPOparathyroidism Which are major classifications of deficiencies in growth hormone secretion? (Select all that apply) -Decrease GH secretion -Decrease GH action -Defective IGF-1 generation Chapter 41 Glucagon is secreted from pancreatic β cells False Neurons & muscle cells both require insulin for glucose entry into their cytoplasm False C-peptide is secreted in a 1:1 ration w/insulin True Growth hormone increases insulin resistance in peripheral tissues True Patients with type 2 diabetes usually have a higher-than-normal production of insulin True The underlying pathogenic mechanism

for both type 1 & type 2 diabetes is Impaired glucose transport into cells Insulin binding to its receptor on target cells results in Increased facilitated diffusion of glucose into cells

A clinical finding consistent w/ a hypoglycemic reaction Trembling Which of the following clinical findings usually is not associated w/ type 1 diabetes mellitus? Obesity Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with Nonketotic hyperosmolality Which of the following indicators is most helpful in evaluating long-term blood glucose management in patient’s w/ diabetes mellitus? Glycosylated hemoglobin levels (Hba1c) Diabetic neuropathy is thought to result from Elevated neuronal osmolality Which of the following therapies would not be appropriate for a patient type 1 diabetes mellitus? Oral hypoglycemic agents A type of insulin that would be most appropriate for acute management of hyperglycemia is REGULAR Which of the following hormones will not increase serum glucose level? Vasopressin In type 1 diabetes, respiratory compensation may occur through a process of Respiratory alkalosis...