Chemistry Data Booklet New H AH-Sep2016 PDF

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national 5 data booklet...

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Chemistry Data Booklet Higher and Advanced Higher

For use in National Qualification Courses

Publication date: 2016 Publication code: BB6753 ISBN: 978 1 910180 00 6 Published by the Scottish Qualifications Authority The Optima Building, 58 Robertson Street, Glasgow G2 8DQ Lowden, 24 Wester Shawfair, Dalkeith, Midlothian EH22 1FD www.sqa.org.uk

The information in this publication may be reproduced in support of SQA qualifications. If it is reproduced, SQA should be clearly acknowledged as the source. If it is to be used for any other purpose, then written permission must be obtained from SQA. It must not be reproduced for trade or commercial purposes. © Scottish Qualifications Authority 2016

For an up-to-date list of prices visit the Publication Sales and Downloads section of SQA’s website. For further details telephone SQA’s Customer Contact Centre on 0845 279 1000. Page two

Contents

Relationships for Higher and Advanced Higher Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Names, Symbols, Relative Atomic Masses and Densities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Melting and Boiling Points of Selected Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Covalent Radii of Selected Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Electron Arrangements of Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Melting and Boiling Points of Selected Oxides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Melting and Boiling Points of Selected Chlorides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Melting and Boiling Points of Selected Organic Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Enthalpies of Formation and Combustion of Selected Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Selected Bond and Mean Bond Enthalpies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Enthalpy of Sublimation of Carbon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 Ionisation Energies and Electronegativities of Selected Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Electrochemical Series: Standard Reduction Potentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Electrolysis of Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Dissociation Constants of Selected Species. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 Infra-red Correlation Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Spectral Lines and Flame Colours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Proton NMR Spectra Correlation Chart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16 Ionic Radii of Selected Ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Standard Entropy Values for Selected Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 Standard Molar Enthalpies of Atomisation of Selected Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Lattice Enthalpies of Selected Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Electron Affinities of Selected Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Hydration Enthalpies of Selected Ions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 Colour Wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Acid-base Indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 Formulae of Selected Ions containing more than one kind of Atom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Solubilities of Selected Compounds in Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21 Systeme Internationale Units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Physical Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Properties of Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 SI Prefixes and Multiplication Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

Page three

Relationships for Higher and Advanced Higher Chemistry

E h = cm ∆T

% yield =

Actual yield ×100 Theoretical yield

% atom economy =

Mass of desired product(s) ×100 Total mass of reacc tants

n = cV c1V1 c2 V2 = n1 n2

n=

m GFM

rate =

∆ quantity ∆t

reaction rate =

% by mass =

1

t

m ×100 GFM

c = fλ

pH + pOH = 14

E = Lhf

 H3O+   I n−  KI n =  [HI n ]

c

K=

d

[C ] [ D ] a b [ A] [ B ]

for aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD pH = p KIn ±1

pH = − log10  H+ 

∆ H°= ∑ ∆ H°f (products)− ∑ ∆ H°f ( reactants)

pK a = − log10 K a

∆S° = ∑ S°( products) − ∑ S°( reactants)

pH = 12 p K a − 12 log10 c

∆G = ∆H − T ∆ S ° ° ∆ G°= ∑ ∆ Gf (products)− ∑ ∆ Gf (reactants)

pH = pK a − log10

[ acid] [ salt]

∆G° = ∆H °− T ∆ S°

KW = H+   OH −  pOH = − log10 OH − 

Page four

Names, Symbols, Relative Atomic Masses and Densities (Relative atomic masses, also known as average atomic masses, have been rounded to the nearest 0·1)

Element

Symbol

Relative atomic mass

Density (g cm-3)

Element

Symbol

Relative atomic mass

Density (g cm-3)

Actinium Aluminium

Ac Al

227·0 27·0

10·1 2·70

Manganese Mercury

Mn Hg

54·9 200·6

7·47 13·5

Americium Antimony

Am Sb

243·1 121·8

13·7 6·68

Molybdenum Neodymium

Mo Nd

96·0 144·2

10·2 7·01

Argon Arsenic

Ar As

39·9 74·9

0·0018 5·78

Neon Neptunium

Ne Np

20·2 237·0

0·0009 20·2

Astatine Barium Berkelium

At Ba Bk

210·0 137·3 247·1

unknown 3·62 14·8

Nickel Niobium Nitrogen

Ni Nb N

58·7 92·9 14·0

8·90 8·57 0.0013

Beryllium Bismuth

Be Bi

9·0 209·0

1·85 9·79

Osmium Oxygen

Os O

190·2 16·0

22·6 0·0014

Boron Bromine

B Br

10·8 79·9

2·47 3·12

Palladium Phosphorus

Pd P

106·4 31·0

12·0 1·82

Cadmium Calcium

Cd Ca

112·4 40·1

8·69 1·54

Platinum Plutonium

Pt Pu

195·1 244·1

21·5 19·7

Californium Carbon

Cf C

251·1 12·0

unknown *

Polonium Potassium

Po K

209·0 39·1

9·20 0·89

Cerium Caesium

Ce Cs

140·1 132·9

6·77 1·93

Praseodymium Promethium

Pr Pm

140·9 144·9

6·77 7·26

Chlorine Chromium Cobalt

Cl Cr Co

35·5 52·0 58·9

0·0032 7·15 8·86

Protactinium Radium Radon

Pa Ra Rn

231·0 226·0 222·0

15·4 5·00 0·0097

Copper Curium

Cu Cm

63·5 247·1

8·96 13·3

Rhenium Rhodium

Re Rh

186·2 102·9

20·8 12·4

Dysprosium Einsteinium

Dy Es

162·5 252·1

8·55 unknown

Rubidium Ruthenium

Rb Ru

85·5 101·1

1·53 12·1

Erbium Europium

Er Eu

167·3 152·0

9·07 5·24

Samarium Scandium

Sm Sc

150·4 45·0

7·52 2·99

Fluorine Francium

F Fr

19·0 223·0

0·0017 unknown

Selenium Silicon

Se Si

79·0 28·1

4·81 2·33

Gadolinium Gallium

Gd Ga

157·3 69·7

7·90 5·91

Silver Sodium

Ag Na

107·9 23·0

10·5 0·97

Germanium Gold

Ge Au

72·6 197·0

5·32 19·3

Strontium Sulfur

Sr S

87·6 32·1

2·64 2·09

Hafnium Helium Holmium

Hf He Ho

178·5 4·0 164·9

13·3 0·0002 8·80

Tantalum Technetium Tellurium

Ta Tc Te

180·9 97·9 127·6

16·4 11 6·25

Hydrogen Indium

H In

1·0 114·8

0·00009 7·31

Terbium Thallium

Tb Tl

158·9 204·4

8·23 11·8

Iodine Iridium

I Ir

126·9 192·2

4·95 22·5

Thorium Thulium

Th Tm

232·0 168·9

11·7 9·32

Iron Krypton

Fe Kr

55·8 83·8

7·87 0·0037

Tin Titanium

Sn Ti

118·7 47·9

7·26 4·51

Lanthanum Lead

La Pb

138·9 207·2

6·15 11·3

Tungsten Uranium

W U

183·8 238·0

19·3 19·1

Lithium Lutetium

Li Lu

6·9 175·0

0·53 9·84

Vanadium Xenon

V Xe

50·9 131·3

6·00 0·0059

Magnesium

Mg

24·3

1·74

Ytterbium Yttrium Zinc

Yb Y Zn

173·0 88·9 65·4

6·90 4·47 7·14

Zirconium

Zr

91·2

6·52

*The density of carbon as graphite is 2·27 g cm−3 The density of carbon as diamond is 3·51 g cm−3

Page five

Melting and Boiling Points of Selected Elements Group 2

Group 3

Group 4

Group 5

Group 6

Group 7

Group 0

2

1 Hydrogen

Helium

Key

—259 —253

—272 —269

Atomic number Name of element

3

4

Lithium

Beryllium

Melting point/ºC Boiling point/ºC

5

6

7

8

9

10

Boron

Carbon

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Fluorine

Neon

†3825

—210

—219

—220

—249

—196

—183

—188

—246

181

1287

2075

1342

2471*

4000

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

Sodium

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silicon

Phosphorus

Sulfur

Chlorine

Argon

98 883

650 1090

660 2519

1414 3265

44 280

115 445

—101 —34

—189 —186

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

Potassium

Calcium

Scandium

Titanium

Vanadium

Chromium

Manganese

Iron

Cobalt

Nickel

Copper

Zinc

Gallium

Germanium

Arsenic

Selenium

Bromine

Krypton

63 759

842 1484

1541 2836

1668 3287

1910 3407

1907 2672

1246 2061

1538 2861

1495 2927

1455 2913

1085 2562

420 907

30 2204

938 2833

*817 †616

221 685

—7 59

—157 —153

42

43

37

38

39

40

41

Rubidium

Strontium

Yttrium

Zirconium

Niobium

39 688

777 1382

1522 3345

1855 4409

2477 4744

Molybdenum Technetium

2623 4639

2157 4265

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

54

Ruthenium

Rhodium

Palladium

Silver

Cadmium

Indium

Tin

Antimony

Tellurium

Iodine

Xenon

2333 4150

1964 3695

1555 2963

962 2162

321 767

157 2072

232 2602

631 1587

449 988

114 184

—112 —108

55

56

57

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

Caesium

Barium

Lanthanum

Hafnium

Tantalum

Tungsten

Rhenium

Osmium

Iridium

Platinum

Gold

Mercury

Thallium

Lead

Bismuth

Polonium

Astatine

Radon

28 671

727 1897

920 3464

2223 4602

3017 5458

3422 5555

3185 5596

3033 5012

2446 4428

1768 3825

1064 2856

—39 357

304 1473

328 1749

271 1564

254 962

302

—71 —62

* at 28 atmospheres † sublimes

Page six

Group 1

Covalent Radii of Selected Elements Group 2

1

Group 3

Key

Hydrogen

Group 4

Group 5

Group 6

Group 7

Atomic number Name of element

37

Covalent radius/pm

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Lithium

Beryllium

Boron

Carbon

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Fluorine

134

129

90

77

75

73

71

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

Sodium

Magnesium

Aluminium

Silicon

Phosphorus

Sulfur

Chlorine

154

145

130

117

110

102

99

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

Potassium

Calcium

Scandium

Titanium

Vanadium

Chromium

Manganese

Iron

Cobalt

Nickel

Copper

Zinc

Gallium

Germanium

Arsenic

Selenium

Bromine

196

174

141

132

122

119

116

114

114

113

118

120

120

122

121

117

114

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

51

52

53

Rubidium

Strontium

Yttrium

Zirconium

Niobium

Ruthenium

Rhodium

Palladium

Silver

Cadmium

Indium

Tin

Antimony

Tellurium

Iodine

216

191

162

147

133

127

—

122

122

126

136

140

150

140

143

135

133

55

56

57

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

Caesium

Barium

Lanthanum

Hafnium

Tantalum

Tungsten

Rhenium

Osmium

Iridium

Platinum

Gold

Mercury

Thallium

Lead

Bismuth

Polonium

Astatine

235

198

169

142

133

131

128

126

124

127

130

141

157

155

151

—

140

Molybdenum Technetium

Page seven

Group 1

Electron Arrangements of Elements Group 2

Group 3

Group 4

Group 5

Group 6

Group 7

Group 0

(1)

(18)

Key

1

2

Atomic number

H 1 Hydrogen

He

Symbol

(13)

(2)

3

4

Li

Be

(14)

(15)

(16)

2

(17)

Helium

Electron arrangement Name

5

6

7

8

9

10

B

C

N

O

F

N...