Title | Chemistry Data Booklet |
---|---|
Course | Foundations of Chemistry |
Institution | Murdoch University |
Pages | 44 |
File Size | 1.9 MB |
File Type | |
Total Downloads | 52 |
Total Views | 158 |
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Chemistry data booklet First assessment 2016 Third edition
Diploma Programme Chemistry data booklet
Published June 2014 Updated May 2015 Published on behalf of the International Baccalaureate Organization, a not-for-profit educational foundation of 15 Route des Morillons, 1218 Le Grand-Saconnex, Geneva, Switzerland by the International Baccalaureate Organization (UK) Ltd Peterson House, Malthouse Avenue, Cardiff Gate Cardiff, Wales CF23 8GL United Kingdom Website: www.ibo.org © International Baccalaureate Organization 2014 The International Baccalaureate Organization (known as the IB) offers four high-quality and challenging educational programmes for a worldwide community of schools, aiming to create a better, more peaceful world. This publication is one of a range of materials produced to support these programmes. The IB may use a variety of sources in its work and checks information to verify accuracy and authenticity, particularly when using community-based knowledge sources such as Wikipedia. The IB respects the principles of intellectual property and makes strenuous efforts to identify and obtain permission before publication from rights holders of all copyright material used. The IB is grateful for permissions received for material used in this publication and will be pleased to correct any errors or omissions at the earliest opportunity. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the IB, or as expressly permitted by law or by the IB’s own rules and policy. See http://www.ibo.org/copyright. IB merchandise and p ublications can b e purchased through the IB store at http://store.ibo.org. Email: [email protected]
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Contents 1. Some relevant equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2. Physical constants and unit conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3. The electromagnetic spectrum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 4. Fundamental particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 5. Names of the elements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 6. The periodic table. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7. Melting points and boiling points of the elements (at 101.325 kPa). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 8. First ionization energy, electron affinity and electronegativity of the elements. . . . . . 8 9. Atomic and ionic radii of the elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 10. Covalent bond lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 11. Bond enthalpies and average bond enthalpies at 298 K. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 12. Selected compounds—thermodynamic data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 13. Enthalpies of combustion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 14. Common oxidation states of the 3d ions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 15. Spectrochemical series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 16. Ligands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 17. Colour wheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 18. Lattice enthalpies at 298 K (experimental values) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 19. Enthalpies of aqueous solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 20. Enthalpies of hydration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 21. Strengths of organic acids and bases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 22. Acid-base indicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 23. Values of the ionization constant of water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 24. Standard electrode potentials at 298 K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 25. Activity series . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 26. Infrared data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 27. 1H NMR data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 28. Mass spectral fragments lost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 29. Triangular bonding diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 30. Resin identification codes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 31. Representations of some materials molecules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Chemistry data booklet
32. Solubility product constants at 298 K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 33. 2-amino acids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 34. Lipids, carbohydrates and nucleotide components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 35. Vitamins and pigments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 36. Binding energy curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 37. Representations of some medicinal molecules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 38. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Notes This booklet cannot be used for paper 1 of the examination (SLP1 and HLP1), but the periodic table given in section 6 will be available as part of these examination papers. Clean copies of this booklet must be made available to candidates for papers 2 and 3 (SLP2, HLP2, SLP3 and HLP3).
iv
Chemistry data booklet
1. Some relevant equations Topic
Equation
1.3
pV = nRT
2.2 and C.4
c = νλ
5.1
q = mc ∆T pH = − log10 H3 O + or
8.3
pH = − log10 H+ 12.1
E = hν
15.2
∆G Ö = ∆H Ö − T ∆S Ö
16.2
k = Ae RT
−E a
ln k =
16.2
16.2
ln
−Ea + ln A RT
k1 Ea 1 1 = − k 2 R T2 T1
17.1
∆G Ö = −R T ln K
19.1
∆ G Ö = − nFE Ö
A.5
% atom economy =
molar mass of desired product ×100 molar mass of all reactan ts
A.8
nλ = 2 d sin θ
B.7 and D.4
A − = + pH pK a log HA
B.7
Chemistry data booklet
log10
I0 = ε lc I
1
Topic
Equation
C.1
Energy density =
energy released from fuel volume of fuel consumed
C.1
Specific energy =
energy released from fuel mass of fuel consumed
N = N 0e − λt
C.3
t1 =
C.3 and D.8
2
ln 2 λ
C.6
RT E =EÖ − ln Q nF
C.7
Rate1 M2 = Rate2 M1
D.8
1 t 1/ 2 N (t ) = N 0 2
t
2. Physical constants and unit conversions Avogadro’s constant (L or N A) = 6. 02 × 1023 mol− 1 Gas constant ( R ) = 8. 31 J K −1 mol −1 Molar volume of an ideal gas at STP = 2.27× 10 −2 m 3 mol −1 = 22 .7 dm 3 mol − 1 1 dm 3 = 1 litre = 1× 10 − 3 m 3 = 1 × 10 3 cm3 STP conditions = 273 K and 100 kPa SATP conditions = 298 K and 100 kPa Speed of light = 3 .00 ×108 m s−1
Specific heat capacity of water = 4.18 kJ kg− 1 K− 1 =4.18 J g− 1 K− 1 Planck’s constant ( h) = 6. 63 × 10 −34 J s Faraday’s constant ( F ) = 9. 65 × 104 C mol −1 Ionic product constant for water (K W ) = 1. 00 × 10 −14 mol2 dm−6 at 298 K
1 amu =1 .66 × 10−27 kg
2
Chemistry data booklet
3. The electromagnetic spectrum energy 10 −16
10
−14
10 −12
rays
10 −10 X-rays
10−8 UV
10−6
10 IR
−4
10−2
10 0
microwaves
102
10
4
106
108 wavelength (m)
radio waves
V I B G Y O R 400 700 wavelength (nm)
4. Fundamental particles Proton Mass (kg) Charge (C)
Chemistry data booklet
1 .672622 ×10
Neutron −27
− 1 .602189 ×10 19
1 .674927 ×10 0
Electron −27
− 9.109383 ×10 31 − 1 .602189 ×10 19
3
4
5. Names of the elements Symbol
Atomic number
Symbol
Atomic number
actinium
Element
Ac
89
dysprosium
Element
Dy
66
aluminium americium
Al Am
13 95
einsteinium erbium
Es Er
99 68
antimony argon
Sb Ar
51 18
europium fermium
Eu Fm
63 100
arsenic astatine
As At
33 85
fluorine francium
F Fr
9 87
barium berkelium
Ba Bk
56 97
gadolinium gallium
Gd Ga
64 31
beryllium
Be
4
bismuth bohrium boron
Bi Bh B
83 107 5
germanium
Ge
32
gold hafnium hassium
Au Hf Hs
79 72 108
Chemistry data booklet
bromine
Br
35
helium
He
2
cadmium caesium
Cd Cs
48 55
holmium hydrogen
Ho H
67 1
calcium californium
Ca Cf
20 98
indium iodine
49 53
carbon cerium
C Ce
6 58
iridium iron
In I Ir Fe
77 26
chlorine
Cl
17
krypton
Kr
36
chromium cobalt
Cr Co
24 27
lanthanum lawrencium
La Lr
57 103
copernicium
Cn
112
copper curium
Cu Cm
29 96
darmstadtium dubnium
Ds Db
110 105
lead
Pb
82
lithium lutetium
Li Lu
3 71
magnesium manganese
Mg Mn
12 25
Element
Symbol
Atomic number
Chemistry data booklet
meitnerium mendelevium
Mt Md
109 101
mercury
Hg
molybdenum neodymium
Element
Symbol
Atomic number
ruthenium rutherfordium
Ru Rf
44 104
80
samarium
Sm
62
Mo Nd
42 60
scandium seaborgium
Sc Sg
21 106
neon neptunium
Ne Np
10 93
selenium silicon
Se Si
34 14
nickel niobium
Ni Nb
28 41
silver sodium
Ag Na
47 11
nitrogen
N
7
nobelium osmium
No Os
102 76
strontium
Sr
38
sulfur tantalum
S Ta
16 73
oxygen palladium phosphorus
O Pd P
8 46 15
technetium tellurium terbium
Tc Te Tb
43 52 65
platinum
Pt
78
thallium
Tl
81
plutonium polonium
Pu Po
94 84
thorium thulium
Th Tm
90 69
potassium praseodymium
K Pr
19 59
tin titanium
Sn Ti
50 22
promethium protactinium
Pm Pa
61 91
tungsten uranium
W U
74 92
radium
Ra
88
vanadium
V
23
radon rhenium
Rn Re
86 75
xenon ytterbium
Xe Yb
54 70
rhodium
Rh
45
yttrium
Y
39
roentgenium rubidium
Rg Rb
111 37
zinc zirconium
Zn Zr
30 40
5
6
6. The periodic table 1 1
3 4 5 6 7
3
4
5
6
7
1
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18 2
Atomic numbe r
H 1.01 3
2
2
He Element 4
Li
Be
6.94
9.01
5 Relative ato mic mass
6
7
8
9
4.00 10
B
C
N
O
F
Ne
12.01
14.01
16.00
20.18
Chemistry data booklet
11
12
10.81 13
14
15
16
19.00 17
Na
Mg
Al
Si
P
S
Cl
Ar
22.99
24.31
26.98
28.09
30.97
32.07
35.45
39.95
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
K
Ca
Sc
Ti
V
Cr
Mn
Fe
Co
Ni
Cu
Zn
Ga
Ge
As
Se
Br
Kr
39.10
40.08
44.96
47.87
50.94
52.00
54.94
55.85
58.93
58.69
63.55
65.38
74.92
78.96
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
50
51
52
79.90 53
83.90
38
69.72 49
72.63
37
Rb
Sr
Y
Zr
Nb
Mo
Tc
Ru
Rh
Pd
Ag
Cd
Sn
Sb
Te
87.62
88.91
91.22
92.91
95.96
(98)
112.41
114.82
118.71
121.76
127.60
126.90
56
57 †
72
73
74
75
102.91 77
107.87
55
101.07 76
106.42
I
Xe
85.47
In
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
Cs
Ba
La
Hf
Ta
W
Re
Os
Ir
Pt
Au
Hg
Tl
Pb
Bi
Po
At
Rn
132.91
137.33
138.91
178.49
180.95
183.84
186.21
190.23
196.97
200.59
204.38
207.20
208.98
(209)
(210)
(222)
88
89 ‡
104
105
106
107
108
192.22 109
195.08
87
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
Fr
Ra
Ac
Rf
Db
Sg
Bh
Hs
Mt
Ds
Rg
Cn
Uut
Uuq
Uup
Uuh
Uus
Uuo
(223)
(226)
(227)
(267)
(268)
(269)
(270)
(269)
(278)
(281)
(281)
(285)
(286)
(289)
(288)
(293)
(294)
(294)
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
†
Ce
Pr
Nd
Pm
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Ho
Er
Tm
Yb
Lu
140.12
140.91
144.24
(145)
150.36
151.96
157.25
158.93
162.50
164.93
167.26
168.93
173.05
174.97
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Th
Pa
U
Np
Pu
Am
Cm
Bk
Cf
Es