CNET304 Lab 1 Lab Safety, RF Parts, & RF Spectrum PDF

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Lab 1: Safety Rules, RF Parts, & RF SpectrumPrepared by: Dr. Sattar Hussain,  Centennial College, 2020*Bysigning above, you attest that you have contributed to this submission and confirm that all work you have contributed to this submission is your work. Any suspicion of copying or plagiar...

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Lab 1: Safety Rules, RF Parts, & RF Spectrum

School of Engineering Technology and Applied Science (SETAS) Information and Computing Engineering Technology (ICET)

CNET 304 - Wireless Technology Lab 1: Safety Rules, RF Parts, & RF Spectrum Prepared by: Dr. Sattar Hussain,  Centennial College, 2020

Section No.

002

Obtained Mark (out of 10) Due Date

September 27, 2020

Name

Student ID

Tanisha Sharma

301089210

Signature* *By

signing above, you attest that you have contributed to this submission and confirm that all work you have contributed to this submission is your work. Any suspicion of copying or plagiarism in this work will result in an investigation of Academic Misconduct and may result in a “0” on the work,

Lab 1: Safety Rules, RF Parts, & RF Spectrum

Task 1: General Safety Rules Electrical Safety: 120V AC wall outlets should be considered with the same care as at any other place. If equipment’s’ boxes are damaged and exposing inside electrical parts, unplug and report. Note the red button on the wall: it turns all electrical power in the lab off and it is to be used if a person is exposed to electrical danger.

RF Radiation Safety: all transmitters and their transmitting antennas must always be considered a potential hazard of electromagnetic radiation. To be safe in the lab, the transmitter power should be set to max 10 mW (10 dBm) and the transmitting high-gain directional antennas (dish, yagi) always pointed to the less populated part of the room and/or above our heads. The students should keep min 10 cm distance from any transmitting antenna. These safety precautions apply only to the transmitting equipment, not receiving.

These warning signs are used to indicate that high radio frequencies radiation may be used in lab or area and radiation hazards exist.

Lab 1: Safety Rules, RF Parts, & RF Spectrum

Questions: 1. [2 marks] Can we be happy and worry-free when using mobile phones in either cell/wiffi/Bluetooth system? Select one answer: Always

Never

Sometimes

2. [2 marks] The model of the human head shows wireless energy generating heat in the head: what does this heat do to our brain? What is SAR? Would you buy the “SAR Shield” button or a pyramid art piece and consider to be safe from RF radiation?

Lab 1: Safety Rules, RF Parts, & RF Spectrum

The heat produced by the RF can effect the centeral nervous system of a human body and it also cause damage to the brain tissues. SAR is specific absorption rate which is used to measure the energy rate absorbed by human body i.e. radio frequency and electromagnetic field emitted by a cell phone. SAR shield button is better option as it can reduce some power of radio frequency (RF) and electromagnetic field.

Task 2: RF Parts Recognition [10 marks] 1. Perform an online search for each of the tabulated RF parts and connectors. Identify the common use and draw a very simplified sketch of the part. Make the part in your sketch recognizable.

Lab 1: Safety Rules, RF Parts, & RF Spectrum

BNC T Connector Coaxial Cable with BNC Connectors

Coaxial Cable Connectors

with

N

Telescopic Antenna with BNC connector

N Female-to-Female Whip Antenna Adapter connector

with

N

Lab 1: Safety Rules, RF Parts, & RF Spectrum

Cable with SMA connector

N-to-BNC Adapter

Whip Antenna connector

with

N-to-SMA Adapter

N Male-to-Mal e Adapter

BNC 50 Ω Terminator

SMA

Lab 1: Safety Rules, RF Parts, & RF Spectrum Task 3: Post Lab Discussion: Frequency Bands -

[2 marks] Complete the Table using either textbook or wall chart or the Internet. In the right column, in the right band, enter all or some of the following services: AM broadcast, FM broadcast, TV broadcast, amateur radio (all bands that apply), civil band, police, ambulance, taxi dispatchers, time reference/atomic clock, wireless LAN (Wi-Fi), cellphone bands, microwave oven, cordless phone, etc.

Frequency Band

Frequency Range

Radio Service(s) in this Rang

Low Frequency (LF)

30 – 300 kHz

Navigation and weather system

Medium Frequency (MF)

3 kHz to MHz

High Frequency (HF)

3 to 30 MHz

Very High Frequency (VHF)

30 to 300 MHz

Ultra-High Frequency (UHF)

300 MHz to 1 Satellite communication including GPS and GHz walkie-talkies

Super High Frequency (SHF)

3 to 30 GHz

3 AM broadcasting, AM radio stations and Air traffic control. Military and governmental communication systems, Over-the-horizon radar systems

Television broadcasting and FM radio broadcasting

Point to point communication and radar

Lab 1: Safety Rules, RF Parts, & RF Spectrum

3. [2 marks] Are some people overestimating the danger of wireless? Are we in mortal danger of being in the wireless field of TV, AM/FM radio, cellphone towers, satellite signal transmission? Can you comment on the poster claim that Hydro smart meters are 1000x stronger than cellphones and therefore more dangerous? (hint: consider transmitted power, distance, and shielding).

Yes , people are overestimating the danger of wireless. Some devices like cell phones and wifi are not that dangerous it can increase the body temperature of a human being less than 1 degree celsius. However, satellite signal transmission and cellphone towers are hazardous to human health as it emits RF signals in the range of GHz. Smart meters are indeed quite dangerous to the humans than cellphones because they use wirless signals to send usage of utility to the supplier, it has harmful effects on the human cells. It causes nausea, dizziness, insomnia and dizziness.

Lab 1: Safety Rules, RF Parts, & RF Spectrum 4.

[2 marks] Differentiate “RF radiation” (just heating in materials during exposure) vs. “ionizing radiation” (changing atom structure during and after exposure).



Non-ionizing radiation has low frequency, longer wavelength and low energy, whereas Ionizing radiation has high frequency, high energy and shorter wavelength. Ionizing radiation can cause damage to the DNA, while Non-ionizing radiation can not cause any injury to the human body, nevertheless injury is limited to burns. Types of Ionizing radiation are X-rays, Gamma rays, Neutrons and types of Non-Ionizing are Ultravoilet, LASER, microwaves.

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