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Rhetoric and its definitions ● Definitions ○ Rhetoric is speech designed to persuade ■ The oldest definition of the term, coined by plato ● Plato believed that rhetoric was a tool of persuasion ○ Rhetoric is an artificier demiourgos of persuasion plato ■ Demiourgos demi=democracy ■ Persuasion is the proces of changing someones mind as well as the state of beliefe that one is in when one has an oppinion ■ Persuasion is both the process of changing a mind but a state of action ■ Power and interest are the things that are created by perssuasion and therefore rhetorix ○ The creation of the world… is the victory of persuasion over force and the worth of men consists in their liability to persuasion ■ Loves the ‘changeability’ in the nature of human beings ■ Pursuassion is more powerful than force and not the same thing ○ The threat of force can itself be considered a form of rhetoric ○ A rhetoric is a set of sentences opinions and inferences that hangs together a… ○ Language is rhetoric because it desires to convey only opinion not knowledge ■ The expression of opinions identifies ones group, and the group is what rhetoric is advocating for ○ What is truth?... ■ Metaphores are comparisons based on similarities ■ Metonym ● Figures of speech that substitutes causes and affects ● “Blood on their hands” bear responsibility for some bloody act ● The act “murder” and the responsibility ■ Anthropomorphism ● Personification? ○ Rhetoric is the art of persuasion ■ Crucial word is art ○ Plato rhetoric is an art which leads… ○ Quintilian “the art of speaking well” ■ Invention ● Tactics for discovering arguments ■ Disposition ● A series of formats for organizing a speech ■ Style ● The styleistic options ● Rythm ● form ■ Memory ● Memorizing your speech and highlighting the significant parts which leads to being present to with your options

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Delivery ● In order to achieve perssuasion it must be “real” ● The performative aspect The capacity to see in the contest…. ■ Not an art, but a capacity ■ The “power” that comes with the ability to find means of convincing the oposition and what positions those are Rhetoric is the art of linguisticallu of symbolically creating salience ■ Rhetoric is concerned with relevance ■ Salience is relevance The collaboriative art of addressing and guiding decision… ■ Farrel wants to put an emphasis on the fact that rhetoric can be collaborative and can be used as a group ■ Rhetoric is the process of coming to a reasonable decision when force or expertise can not singularly achieve that decision Rhetoric is alternatively a superficial and corrosive concern ■ In platos mind rhetoric is “incensere speech” where persuasion is the truth ● Simply another form of propaganda ■ Rhetoric is that powerful instrument of error and deceit Rhetoric is a discipline that subjects attempts at persuasiomn to criticism ■ Not only a perssuasive weapon but a shield you can use to protect your ideas and opinions...