Concept map- chest pain PDF

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Summary

Concept map for assessment in pp1...

Description

Complications Cardiac arrest (death) R) or L) heart failure pH imbalance Electrolyte imbalance

Pathophysiology Narrowing of coronary arteries due to fatty plaque buildup caused by atherosclerosis. This plaque may rupture or erode, it leads to activate clotting mechanism so platelet aggregation and fibrin deposition, which lead to formation of an occlusive thrombus in a coronary artery

Medications reduce the risk of MI, angina, stroke & HF, manages symptoms by controlling BP and high cholesterol. Anti-clotting, antiplatelet, anticoagulant medicine to stop blood clot formation, BP medicines, cholesterol medicine & Nitrate. Cardiology Review Cardiac treatment and diagnosis, Order diagnostic testing and follow up testing. May need surgical intervention if chest pain is caused by blockage in artery feeding the heart, bypass surgery, dissection repair and lung reinflation.

Occlusive thrombus completely blocks coronary artery and interrupts blood supply to part of myocardium Myocardial oxygen demands exceed supply Anaerobic metabolism with lactic acid accumulation

Large Bore access 18 & above Establish good early intravenous access to prepare for emergency resuscitation and medication administration. It is important to act quick if at risk of cardiac arrest.

Hypertension Age >65 High cholesterol diet Genetics Certain ethnic groups (aboriginal and torres)

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Diaphoretic Pain (Crushing/searing that radiates) Dyspnea Tachy/bradycardia Hypo/hypertension

Diagnostic Testing 12 Lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) ST elevation

Myocardial nerve fibers irritated Pain message transmitted to cardiac nerve and upper posterior nerve roots.

This test records the electrical activity of your heart through electrodes attached to your skin. Because injured heart muscle doesn't conduct electrical impulses normally, the ECG may show that you have had or are having a heart attack. Bloods, High sensitivity troponin

DRSABCDA vital aid in assessing whether pt. has life threatening conditions and if any first aid is required. Danger, response, send for help, airway, breathing, CPR, Defibrillator.

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Signs and symptoms (5)

Clinical Management 4 Medication Prescription & Administration

Risk Factors 5

Medication Management 2 GTN- Spray/Sublingual Vasodilator- Acts on vascular smooth muscle, Artery relaxer usually taken under the tongue, relaxes heart arteries, so blood can flow more easily through the narrowed spaces. Short acting GTN-relieve in few mins. Long acting- reduce symptoms over time. Aspirin- Antiplatelet properties 300mg Prescribed if you have narrowed arteries carrying blood to the heart because it can help to prevent clots forming. Betablockers- Blocks the involuntary nervous system, lowers heart rate and BP & used for irregular heartbeat by blocking

Blood tests to check for increased levels of certain proteins or enzymes normally found in heart muscle. Damage to heart cells from a heart attack may allow these proteins or enzymes to leak, over a period of hours, into your blood. A Trop test measures the lvl of troponin in blood (which is released when heart muscles have been damaged) Chest X-Ray X-ray of the chest to check the condition of lungs, size and shape of your heart and major blood vessels....