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Patrice Garret Anatomy and Physiology

Nervous Tissue

Muscle Tissue  Contract to produce movement

Tissue

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Connective Tissue   

Conduct electrical impulses Carry information

Epithelial Tissue

Fill internal spaces Provide structural support Store energy

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 Marieb, Elaine M. (1995). Human Anatomy and Physiology (3rd ed.). Benjamin/Cummings. pp. 103–104

Cover exposed surface Line internal passageways and chambers Produce glandular

Tissue

Skeletal Muscle Skeletal muscle tissue moves the body by pulling on bones of the skeleton. (Voluntary Movement)

Located in: Connected to bone by connective tissue

Cardiac Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Cardiac muscle tissue pushes blood through the arteries and veins of the circulatory system. (Involuntary Movement)

Smooth muscle tissues push fluids and solids along the digestive tract and perform varied functions in other systems. (Involuntary Movement) Located in: Found only in the heart.

Located in: walls of blood vessels, hollow organs, digestive, and reproductive tracts

Cartilage

Blood Tissues

Softer and more flexible that bone. Forms supporting structures, found at points of atachment, covers ends of bones where they form joints.

Consists of blood cells, surrounded by fluid matrix. Transports nutrients, oxygen, waste.

Location: Ear, nose, intervertebral discs

Location: All throughout the body in blood vessals Loose Connective Tissue Loose connective tissue is the most common type of connective tissue in vertebrates. It holds organs in place and ataches epithelial tissue to other underlying tissues.

Bones

Dense Connective Tissue Protects and supports other Dense connective tissue forms body organs. Hardest structurestrong, rope-like structures such as of the body. tendons and ligaments.

Location: In ligaments and Tendons Location: Between Muscles Location: Throughout entire body

Tissue

Neurons They transmit signals called nerve impulses.

Located: the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Neuroglia They support neurons, supply them with nutrients, and get rid of dead cells and pathogens such as bacteria.

Located: the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Squamous

Stratified: Many layers; several levels above the basement; all not in contact with the basement

Simple: One Layer, all in contact with the Basement membrane

Thin, flat, irregular shaped.

Tissue

Simple Squamous

Columnar

Long, slender, oval nuclei

Simple Columnar

Most delicate type of tissue in the body. Perfect for diffusion and filtration.

Function in absorption and secretion. Located: in uterine tubes and some regions of the uterus

Located: kidney glomeruli, lining of the heart, blood vessels, and serosa Stratified Columnar Stratified Squamous Limited distribution in the body Protection of underlining areas subjected to chemical and mechanical stresses.

Cuboidal Hexagonal shaped boxes, round nuclei

Located: External part of the skin’s epidermis, and lining of mouth, esophagus, and vagina

Pseudostratified Columnar Simple Cuboidal Function in secretion and absorption, and limited protection.

Quite rare in the body. Functions as protection, secretion and absorption.

Located: Pharynx, male urethra, anus, and lining some glandular ducts.

Location: kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands, pancreas, and ovary surface.

Secretes and the propulsion of mucus. Located: male sperm carrying ducts, fallopian tubes, and respiratory tract

Location: in some sweat and mammary glands Stratified Cuboidal

Pseudostratified: Simple layer of cells with different heights; all cells are in contact with the basement; always have cilia

What are the steps involved in tissue repair? Explain the process of tissue repair. Tissue repair is the mechanism by which damaged cells are healed. At the site of injury growth hormones release chemicals to induce cell reproduction to replace the lost cells. Depending on how bad the injury is you can replace the injured tissue with the same tissue or fibrosis which is when connective tissue proliferates to damage the tissue leaving a scar. The steps in tissue repair is first the inflammation happens. This is when the damaged cells release chemical signals which activate phagocytic cells like macrophages and mast cells to eliminate invaders. These chemicals make the capillaries permeable and allows white blood cells and plasma proteins. Clots are then formed to wall the wound and prevent spreading bacteria, toxins, and harmful substances from harming the body. The next stage is when the blood clot is replaced by granulation tissue. The Granulation tissue forms weak capillaries that bleed freely, and the gaps formed in the capillary bed are bridged with collagen fibers (2013). The surface epithelium regenerates above the glandular tissue. It then becomes thickened and resembles adjacent tissues as the fibrous tissue matures and contracts. Finally, regenerated tissue with visible or invisible scar underneath is formed.

Smooth muscle tissue can regenerate from a type of stem cell called a pericyte, which is found in some small blood vessels. Pericytes allow smooth muscle cells to regenerate and repair much more readily than skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue. Skeletal muscle tissue and cardiac muscle does not regenerate to a great extent. Dead cardiac muscle tissue is replaced by scar tissue, which cannot contract. As scar tissue accumulates, the heart loses its ability to pump because of the loss of contractile power (2014). This is not good, and it can lead to major issues with your health.

Bhat, Sriram (2013). Srb's Manual of Surgery, 4e. Jaypee Brother Medical Pub. p. 18. Birbrair, Alexander; Zhang, Tan; Files, Daniel C.; Mannava, Sandeep; Smith, Thomas; Wang, Zhong-Min; Messi, Maria L.; Mintz, Akiva; Delbono, Osvaldo (2014-11-06). "Type-1 pericytes accumulate after tissue injury and produce collagen in an organ-dependent manner". Stem Cell Research & Therapy. 5 (6): 122....