Criminology 101 Lesson 1 PDF

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Introduction to Criminology...

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MODULE IN INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY

COMPILED BY: SHENAI F.JUANCE, MSCJ-CRIM

Note to the Readers As you commence your educational journey in the field of Criminal Justice, this module will guide your first steps in understanding the foundation of the said field which is the science of Criminology. The study of Criminology will take you to the aspects of soial science that will surely spark your interest, this ranges from the earlier dark history of crimes, laws and punishment to the today’s developed approach on crime, laws and correctional measures. As a vital component of the curriculum, this material is exclusive for first year students who are enrolled in Crim 101 (Introduction to Criminology) in Central Philippines State University taking up Bachelor of Science in Criminology. As criminologist we seek answer mainly to the questions of why there are crimes, what operates in the mind of a criminal, how do deal with criminals and most importantly how to prevent crime, that being said we hope that together we will shed light to these questions and learn through this modules as this highlights the following lessons- Introduction to Criminology, Crime, Criminals and Victims, Criminal Etiology, Sociology of Law and the Revised Penal Code, Criminology, Criminal Justice and Criminalistics, Criminology as a Profession. Welcome to the field of Criminal Justice Education. Take this module as torch to light your way future criminologist. GOD BLESS YOU!

Shenai F. Juance, MSCJ-Crim Instructor

Acknowledgment

In the completion of this material, several people had been instrumental towards its eventual realization. Hence, the author is delighted to note their invaluable contribution. To the Dean of the College of Criminal Justice Education, Sir Corold A. Romano who had shared a keen eye in examining the content of the module. To the author’s colleagues in the College of Criminal Justice Education who had been helpful in sharing their opinion and assistance in the making of this module.

To the students of the College of Criminal Justice Education-Hinigaran Campus, whose unwavering will to learn despite the pandemic had inspired the author.

To the CPSU-IMPDC personnel who had been a strong guide from the orientation in the making of this module to the process of evaluation.

To the family of the author who had always been her source of strength. And to the Almighty Father, for the unfailing gift of wisdom, good health and enthusiasm to the author, may His glory be praised forever.

INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY “Is a body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon. It includes within its scope the making of laws, the breaking of laws and the reactions towards the breaking of the laws”. -Edwin Sutherland

Learning Outcomes: This module aims to: 1. Discuss the importance, purposes, nature, scope and development of criminology as a field of interest. 2. Explain criminology, crime, criminals, victims and other important concepts in understanding criminology. 3. Explain R.A. 6506 and how it was amended by the new law R.A. 11131. 4. Discuss the theories of crime causation along with pioneers which had contributed in the formulation of such. 5. Discuss the interrelatedness of theory, policy, and practice in the criminal justice

system 6. Present current issues and studies in criminology.

Introduction

As you begin your journey in studying the field of criminal justice you are hereby required to learn the nature of criminology which serves as a foundation in this profession. This module will provide you with deeper understanding of the program that you have chosen to enter which means that full realization of the outcomes of this course will serve as guide in the following courses that you will take under this program. Hence, this module will introduce you to an in-depth discussion of the following lessons:      

Introduction to Criminology Crime, Criminals and Victims Criminal Etiology Sociology of Law and the Revised Penal Code Criminology, Criminal Justice and Criminalistics Criminology as a Profession

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY LESSON 1 UNDERSTANDING CRIMINOLOGY Criminology is a social science dealing with the nature, the extent and causes of the crimes, the characteristics of criminals and their organizations, the problems of apprehending and convicting law violators, and the management of jail facilities and correctional institutions. It is a scientific study of the non-legal aspects of crime, including juvenile delinquency. In its wider sense, it embraces penology, it is primarily the study of the causation, correction and prevention of crimes, seen from the viewpoints of such diverse disciplines as anthropology, biology, etiology (the study of character), ethics, psychology and psychiatry, sociology and statistics. It also includes the study of crime detection involving such instrumentation as Police Photography, Forensic Medicine, Forensic Chemistry, Dactylscopy, Polygraphy, Questioned Documents, and the likes. -Sociology of Crimes and Ethics

WHAT IS CRIMINOLOGY? 

Criminology is the scientific study of criminals, criminal behavior and its causes.

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Criminologists attempt to build theories that explain why crimes occur and test those theories by observing behavior. Criminological theories help shape society’s response to crime both in terms of preventing criminal behavior and responding to it after it occurs.

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Criminology is a body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon. It includes within its scope, the making of laws, the breaking of laws, and the reactions towards the breaking of laws.

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It may also refer to the study of crimes and criminals and the attempt of analyzing scientifically their causes and control and the treatment of criminals.

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Based on the premise, criminology can also be defined as the scientific study of the causes of crime in relation to man and society who set and define rules and regulations for himself and others to govern.

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The study of criminology evolves man and social forces through the passage and enactment of laws, maintenance of peace and order, and the imposition of punishment by the Government whose law has been violated. These processes are the three aspects of somewhat unified sequence of interactions. It can be defined as the study of crime, the causes of crime (etiology), the meaning of crime in terms of law, and community reaction to crime. (Peckley, 2010)

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Certain acts which are undesirable are defined by political society as crimes. In spite of this definition, there are members that persist in the antisocial behavior, thusly commit crimes.

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The political society reacts by the imposition of punishment, and at the same time provides protection and security for the majority. This sequence of interaction is the centerpiece of what is known as criminology.

WHAT IS THE GENERIC DEFINITION OF CRIMINOLOGY? CRIMINOLOGY is the scientific study of crimes, criminal, criminal behavior, legal aspects and control. It is derived from the two Greek words / terms which is krimen (crime) and logus (to study). In 1885, Italian law professor, Raffaele Garofalo coined the term “criminology” (in Italian, CRIMINOLOGIA). The French anthropologist Paul Topinard used it for the first time in French (CRIMINOLOGIE) around the same time.

Development of Criminology The discipline of criminology has evolved in three phases, beginning in the 18th century. Although crime and criminals have been around for as long as societies have existed, the systematic study of these phenomena did not begin until the late 1700s; prior to that time, most explanations of crime equate it with sin – the violation of sacred obligation. 1. The first phase involved when scholars first distinguished crime from sin, they made possible explanations of criminal behavior that were not theological (religious). This in turn, allowed dispassionate, scientific study of why crimes occur. The development of this study is now known as the era of classical criminology. 2. The second phase, which began in the 19 th century, is referred to as modern criminology. During this era, criminology distinguished itself as a subspecialty within the emerging disciplines of psychology, sociology, and economics. Scholars formed criminological societies and founded criminology journals. Criminologist conducted empirical test (observations or experiments) of their theories, rather than relying solely on speculations, and consequently developed a wide range of theories. 3. The third phase, beginning in the second half of the 20 th century, may best be called independent criminology. During this period, criminology began to assert its independence from the traditional disciplines that spawned it. In Western Europe, the United States and Canada, criminologist expanded their professional associations and published an increasing number of journals. A number of universities develop graduate programs in criminology. Criminological theories have become more multidisciplinary (spanning various fields of study) because independent criminologists seek to understand crime itself rather that study crime as one aspect of an overall sociological or psychological theory.

Criminology as a Profession in the Philippines o o

The passage of R.A. 6506 paved the way for criminology professionalization. “An Act Creating the Board of Examiners for Criminologist and for other purposes”

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The first and pioneer institution dedicated for criminology study in the Far East is the Philippine College of Criminology, Sta. Cruz, and Manila. The only accredited Association of Professional Organization for Criminologist Is the PCAP, Professional Criminologist Association of the Philippines. The latest law on Philippine Criminology is R.A. 11131. This law had amended the provisions of R.A. 6505 and had furthered the benefits of for Licensed Criminologist.

REFERENCES Heidt J.M, Wheeldon J.P. (2015 )Introducing Criminological Thinking; Maps, Theories and Understanding. SAGE Publication

Dean Ricardo M. Guevara and Dean Felipe S. Bautista, Sociology of Crimes and Ethics Calima, Manwong, San Diego, Criminal Sociology, Ethics and Human Relation Diane M. DeMelo - Criminological Theory, [email protected] Student Study Guide for Criminological Theories: Introduction, Evaluation, Application Sixth Edition - By Ronald L. Akers and Christine S. Sellers as prepared by: Eric See, Methodist University , Elicia Kieser, Methodist University R.A. 6506, An Act Creating the Board of Examiners for Criminologists in the Philippines and for Other Purposes

R.A. 11131, AN ACT REGULATING THE PRACTICE OF CRIMINOLOGY PROFESSION IN THE PHILIPPINES, AND APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR, REPEALING FOR THE PURPOSE REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6506, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS "AN ACT CREATING THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS FOR CRIMINOLOGISTS IN THE PHILIPPINES" -End of Module I in Crim 101-...