E. Biological Developmental Theories (Gesell & Bronfenbrenner) PDF

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Summary

What is Bronfenbrenner's main theory?
Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory is one of the most accepted explanations regarding the influence of social environments on human development. Gesell observed and documented patterns in the way children develop, showing that all children go throu...

Description

Developmental Milestones (Gesell) ➢ Gesell’s theory is known as the Maturational Theory of Child Development was introduced in 1925 by Dr. Arnold Gesell, an American educator, pediatrician, and clinical psychologist whose studies focused on “the course, the pattern, and rate of Maturational growth in normal and exceptional children.

THE THEORY ➢ Gesell’s theory is known as a maturational-developmental theory. It is the foundation of nearly every other theory of human development after Gesell. Early in the 20th century, Dr. Gesell observed and documented patterns in the way children develop, showing that all children go through similar and predictable sequences, though each child moves through these sequences at his or her own rate or pace.

PRINCIPLES OF MATURATION ➢ This process is comprised of both internal and external factors. The intrinsic factors include genetics, temperament, personality, learning styles, as well as physical and mental growth. Simultaneously, development is also influenced by factors such as environment, family background, parenting styles, cultural influences, health conditions, and early experiences with peers and adults.

Concept of Maturation Sequential Development

➢ Child growth is influenced by two major forces which are there ➔ Environment ➔ Genetics

➢ Gesell believed maturation occurred in Stages of equilibrium and disequilibrium

There are 4 main areas of Growth and Development: ●

Adaptive and Cognitive

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Personal and Social

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Language Development

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Motor Development

Ecological System Theory (Bronfenbrenner) What is Ecological System Theory? ➢ Bronfenbrenner believed that a child’s development was affected by everything that surround them or her.

MICROSYSTEM ● Interactions within the immediate. MESOSYSTEM ● It is the relationship between two or more microsystems such as what is learned at home. EXOSYSTEM ● That may exist two or more settings one of which may not contain the developing child but affects him indirectly nonetheless. MACROSYSTEM ● Is a large cultural and social structural element of the environment that shapes human development. CHRONOSYSTEM ● Big events in the world that help in a person’s development through time....