Electronics Hardware Assignment PDF

Preview

Summary

Electronics Hardware Assignment...

Description

Mangonel

School of Engineering 1E10 ASSIGNMENT. A9. ELECTRONICS HARDWARE ASSIGNMENT

Dr. Gareth J. Bennett 01/05/2021

Page 1 of 7

Mangonel

1E10 ASSIGNMENT. A9. ELECTRONICS HARDWARE ASSIGNMENT 1.

Analog signals are continuous functions of a variable, that vary in time. Within a certain range, the signal can have an infinite number of values. Eg: Audio signal. Digital signals are quantised and can only have a limited number of values within a given range. Eg: Atomic energy levels.

2.

A) Decimal number 125 to a Binary code: 125 =62 R 1 2 7 =3 R 1 2 3 =1 R 1 2

62 =31 R 0 2

31 =15 R 1 2

15 =7 R 1 2

1 =0 R 1 2

¿ 1111101

B) Binary Code 11101101 to a Decimal number: (1*27) + (1*26) + (1*25) + (0*24) + (1*23) + (1*22) + (0*21) + (1*20) = 237 3. Circuitry: A) Signal 1 (A):

This signal shows the moment the arm of the mangonel passes through the first sensor. The signal goes from high, to low, to high. Dr. Gareth J. Bennett 01/05/2021

Page 2 of 7

Mangonel

Signal 2 (B):

This signal shows the moment the arm passes through the second sensor. Again, the signal goes from high, to low, to high. The signals are visually represented by waves. When the wave drops, this signals the arm of the mangonel passing through the sensor. When the arm is at rest the logic is high (5V). The logic drops to 0V when the mangonel passes through the sensor.

B) Waveform for combined signal:

A

B

A NAND gate was used to combine the signals of A and B. The output will read “high” if either A or B are high or if neither of them are high. The signal will only read “low” if both A and B are high. The initial logic of the NAND gate is “low” (0V). The logic changes to from 0V to 5V when the arm of the mangonel goes through the sensor. Dr. Gareth J. Bennett 01/05/2021

Page 3 of 7

Mangonel

C) How to determine the time taken for the throwing arm to pass from one sensor to another: Record the time at point A and at point B. Subtract the time at B from the time at A to get the time from A to B in miliseconds. 4. Load Cell: .

A) According to the Load Cell Data sheet, the minimum value for the zero force output (Amplified) is 0.3V. Factors such as overloading, vibration or error of usage mean it can’t be 0 Nm.

.

B)

Calculate the force in Newton: TYP zero force output (Amplified) = 0.5V 1 mV =5.67 g

0.001V =5.67 g 1V =5670 g=5.670 kg 0.5 V =

5.670 kg =2.835 kg 2

Force= Mass∗Acceleration

Acceleration= gravity

Force=2.835 kg∗9.81 m s−2 Force=27.8 N

Dr. Gareth J. Bennett 01/05/2021

Page 4 of 7

Mangonel

5.

Fo r c ev st hel i ne a rv e l o c i t y : Reading

Force [F] (N)

Time [t] (ms)

Angular Velocity [ꙍ] (rad/s)

1.

21.6

27.8

28.2

2.

38.2

19.4

40.3

3.

51.3

16.5

47.3

Angle Theta (�): ꙍ=

θ t

θ=ꙍt

, t in seconds

θ1=28.2∗0.0278=0.784 rad θ2=40.3∗0.0194= 0.782 rad

θ3=47.3∗0.0513=0.780 rad Radius: θ=

distance radius

r 1=

r=

distance θ

0.1 =0.128 m 0.784

Dr. Gareth J. Bennett 01/05/2021

Page 5 of 7

Mangonel r 2=

r 3=

0.1 =0.128 m 0.782

0.1 =0.128 m 0.780

Linear Velocity (v): v =ꙍr v 1=28.2∗0.128=3.60 m/ s v 2=40.3∗0.128=5.15 m /s v 3=47.3∗0.128=6.06 m/ s

Force vs Linear Velocity 60 50

Force (N)

40 30 20 10 0 3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

5.00

5.50

6.00

6.50

Linear Velocity (m/s)

Figure 1: Graph of the force against the linear velocity.

Dr. Gareth J. Bennett 01/05/2021

Page 6 of 7

Mangonel 6.

Angular Velocity in radians per second: t=0.0276 s θ=

0.1 distance = =0.781 rad radius 0.128

θ 0.781 ꙍ= = =28.3 rad /s t 0.0276

Dr. Gareth J. Bennett 01/05/2021

Page 7 of 7...