Englisch Abitur Vorbereitung PDF

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Englisch Abitur Vorbereitung Literatur...

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Englisch Abitur Vorbereitung

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fictional text author creates an imaginative world • narrative prose -> novel • poetry • drama

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non-fictional text refers to the real world serves a purpose eg. to inform, to criticize, to express your personal opinion Example: letter, biography

Narrative perspective 1. first- person narrator • character in the story that refers to him or herself as I • only one person´s point of view • unreliable narrator 2. third-person narrator • not character in the story and refers to the characters as he, she, they or by their names 3. omniscient narrator • unlimited point of view • can move freely in space and time • enter the characters minds at will Point of view 1. limited point of view • character doesn´t know everything that occurs • imposes his or her understanding and interpretation on the action • narrator looks at the events and characters from the perspective of one of the characters or from the outside • doesn´t have access to the thoughts and feelings of all the characters 2. unlimited point of view • narrator can move freely in space and time • enter the minds of the characters Mode of presentation 1. scenic presentation • author shows event in detail as it occurs using dialogue, depicting thoughts and emotions to describe a scene etc. 2. panoramic presentation • author tells the story as a condensed series of events, summarizing in a few sentences what happens over a longer period of time Flashbacks = the narrator goes back into the past to describe a scene that has relevance to the plot

Foreshadowing = the technique of hinting at later events in the text so that the reader is prepared for them or can anticipate them Characterization 1. direct characterization • the reader is told about a character´s personality directly by the narrator, another character or the character him- or herself 2. indirect characterization • the reader is expected to draw conclusions about a character by studying his or her behavior, opinions, choice of words and/or way of talking Character 1. round character • may be similar to real individuals, have several traits and behave in a way that is life-like • usually changes in the course of a story 2. flat character • has only a limited number of traits or represents only a single quality Characteristics of a short story 1. usually short • Limited scale • Can usually be read in one sitting 2. straight forward plot • a/one conflict frequently in the center of the story • describes a moment that is especially important for the characters in the story • less complex and detailed than most novels 3. focuses on a simple setting • covers a shorter period of time than a novel • action is settled in a limited number of places 4. few characters • often only one main character • other characters are not developed or are just stereotypes 5. there is usually a dramatic development comprising several stages: • Exposition: - may start suddenly in the middle of the action and introduces setting, situation, (main) characters • Rising action: - the conflicts develop • Climax: - point where the conflict is most intense • Turning point: - change in the suspense • Falling action: - brings about success ore failure of the protagonist • solution: - resolution of the conflict is achieved

poems 1. structure • words are arranged in lines • lines are arranged int groups -> stanzas • sometimes lines are repeated at intervals throughout the poems = refrain 2. rhyme • mostly used in traditional poems • modern poetry often uses free verse 3. rhythm/metre • the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables 4. language • the use of words and stylistics devices • make a poem elaborate (raffiniert) o words are carefully chosen and organized o you need to understand not only what is sad, but also how it is sad o language is used to express personal thoughts, feelings and opinions or to tell a story in an artistic and condensed way Stylistic devices alliteration anaphora repetition comperative/superlative

metaphor parallelism connotation emphasis

direct adress rhetorical question personification simile

Function/Effect 1. catch the listeners attention 2. emphasize a message 3. create a feeling of unity with the audience 4. convey a positive or negative attitude to the subject 5. appeal to the listener´s sense of fairness 6. to reach an effect 7. to intensify an impression 8. to highlight an aspect 9. to emphasize sth. 10. to lay/put emphasis on sth. 11. to use sth./to make use of sth. • • • • • • • • •

The passage/sentence also contains an example of… He creates suspense by using… He uses…thus creating/which creates Using/Saying…he emphasizes When he uses/says…he emphasizes With the use of… He wants to put emphasis on…when… The…is supposed to… The…help(s) to convey the message

contrast wordplay enumeration Personal pronoun...