Lernzettel Englisch LK Abitur 2021 PDF

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Ein Dokument mit den wichtigsten Inhalten für das Englisch Abitur....

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Lernzettel Englisch LK/ Abitur 2021 Inhalt 1.

Genetic engineering ........................................................................................................................ 4 Cloning ................................................................................................................................................. 4 Reproductive ................................................................................................................................... 4 Therapeutic ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Saviour siblings .................................................................................................................................... 4 PGD (Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis)........................................................................................... 4 Stem cells............................................................................................................................................. 4

2.

Utopia/ Dystopia ............................................................................................................................. 5 Utopia .................................................................................................................................................. 5 Dystopia............................................................................................................................................... 5

3.

Shakespeare .................................................................................................................................... 6 Shakespears time: The Elizabethan age .............................................................................................. 6 Theatre ................................................................................................................................................ 7 Why is Shakespeare an ordinary author? (1564-1616) ....................................................................... 7 Sonnets ................................................................................................................................................ 8 Drama .............................................................................................................................................. 9

4.

Great Britain and a multicultural society ...................................................................................... 10 History ............................................................................................................................................... 10 National identity................................................................................................................................ 10 Britishness ..................................................................................................................................... 10 Englishness .................................................................................................................................... 11 The British “unwritten” Constitution ................................................................................................ 12 Who is in charge of Britain? .......................................................................................................... 15 The Royals...................................................................................................................................... 15 Devolution ..................................................................................................................................... 16 Independent Scotland? ................................................................................................................. 16 Brexit ................................................................................................................................................. 16 “LEAVE-campaign”......................................................................................................................... 17 Why is the Brexit so complicated? ................................................................................................ 17 Multiculturalism ................................................................................................................................ 17 Immigrants .................................................................................................................................... 18 Attacks in GB ................................................................................................................................. 19 Multiculturalism: Yes or No? ......................................................................................................... 19

Englisch LK Lernzettel/ Abitur 2021 Solutions for a multicultural society.............................................................................................. 19 5.

American Dream............................................................................................................................ 20 American myths and realities............................................................................................................ 20 Manifest Destiny ........................................................................................................................... 20 The Mayflower Compact ............................................................................................................... 20 Roots.............................................................................................................................................. 21 The Declaration of Independence ................................................................................................. 21 Bill of Rights ................................................................................................................................... 21 other amendments........................................................................................................................ 21 American Westward movement ................................................................................................... 21 American System of Government ..................................................................................................... 22 Immigration to America .................................................................................................................... 22 Past ................................................................................................................................................ 22 Today ............................................................................................................................................. 22 America´s gun culture ....................................................................................................................... 23 Reasons for being fascinated by guns ........................................................................................... 23 Debate: Should laws for gun control be stricter? ......................................................................... 24 American Dream now........................................................................................................................ 24 Donald Trump................................................................................................................................ 24 Threats to the dream..................................................................................................................... 24 State of the dream today .............................................................................................................. 24

6.

Nigeria ........................................................................................................................................... 25 General information .......................................................................................................................... 25 History ............................................................................................................................................... 25 Social situation .................................................................................................................................. 26 Ethnic groups ................................................................................................................................. 26 Nigerian dream .............................................................................................................................. 26 Gap between North and South ..................................................................................................... 26 Nollywood ..................................................................................................................................... 27 Politics ............................................................................................................................................... 27 Political system .............................................................................................................................. 27 Corruption ..................................................................................................................................... 28 Boko Haram ................................................................................................................................... 29 SARS (Special anti-robbery squat) ................................................................................................. 29 Economy ............................................................................................................................................ 29 Threats to the economy ................................................................................................................ 29

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Englisch LK Lernzettel/ Abitur 2021 Oil .................................................................................................................................................. 30 Nigeria: The Economic Giant of Africa? ......................................................................................... 30 I.

Summary/ Comprehension ........................................................................................................... 31

II.

Non-fictional texts ......................................................................................................................... 32 Analysis of a Non-fictional text.......................................................................................................... 32 Analysis of Statistical Data................................................................................................................. 33 Analysis of a political speech ............................................................................................................. 34

III. Fictional texts ................................................................................................................................ 35 Analysis of a Fictional Text ................................................................................................................ 35 Analysis of Poetry and Lyrics ............................................................................................................. 37 IV. Comment ....................................................................................................................................... 39 V.

Language and Terms...................................................................................................................... 40 Linking phrases .................................................................................................................................. 40 Literary Terms.................................................................................................................................... 41 Vocabulary and Phrases for Text Analysis ......................................................................................... 46

VI. Mediation ...................................................................................................................................... 48

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Englisch LK Lernzettel/ Abitur 2021

1. Genetic engineering Genetic engineering ➔ Direct manipulation of an organism´s genes using biotechnology

Cloning Reproductive -type of cloning which is performed for the purpose of creating a duplicate copy of another organism -cell nuclear transfer -ethical issues: clones have shorter lifespans, risk of losing genetic diversity, health of the clone is in danger, unnatural, religious beliefs ➔ Example: dolly the sheep

Therapeutic -medical purposes -manipulate genetic material -rescue lifes with genetic material is comfortable for the human with the disease

Saviour siblings -a brother or a sister who has been specifically created for the purpose of curing a sick sibling -embryos are checked to make sure that the sibling has not the same disease and would be a perfect tissue match -ethical issues: child is just born to rescue the other sibling (parents do not love/ wanted it), emotional harm to the child later, procedures are painful for a little baby, alternatives, against human rights of the baby, “designer baby”

PGD (Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis) -reproductive technology -embryos are checked by doctors to find out if the baby would have genetical diseases -ethical issues: “designer babies” (perfect babies created of what parents want their baby to be like), parents choose their perfect child -pro: diseases could be eradicated, no more suffering of genetic diseases, less people suffer

Stem cells -cells that can turn into other types of cells to substitute them and thus repair damage

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Englisch LK Lernzettel/ Abitur 2021

2. Utopia/ Dystopia Utopia -equalitarian society -money loses its importance -public storehouses -happiness of whole society is more important than individuals >commonwealth -healthcare -no private property -same rights for everyone ->communism -authors imagine better living circumstances ->lives in hard living circumstances -politically/ religious/ economic/ ecological Utopias

-wonderful -comfortable -healthy -equal -peaceful -educated -happy -safe

Plato (360 B.C.): everyone is happy, no individual rights, no wealth and no poverty, revolution ➔ political utopia Isaiah (765): god, no war, animals and people live in peace together, healthy life and good life circumstances ➔ religious utopia Thomas More (1516): equality, no one is poor, happy lifes and families, justice for people who work hard, commonwealth ➔ social/ political utopia

Dystopia -controlled lives-> surveillance -hard life circumstances -poor society -government observes people -information, independent thoughts and freedom are restricted -possibly no paper money -technologies -terrorist attacks -darkness/ atmosphere is negative >terrible weather conditions -authors do not believe in better world ->negative mind -world war -ideas of Utopia are outdated -Utopian ideas became reality -no need for Utopia -scientific progress -communism did not work ->Russia -hostile -dark -unpleasant -uncomfortable -stressful -anxious -fear -oppressive -cruel -controlled -dirty -vile -hard George Orwell (1948) – 1984: hard life circumstances, protagonist is weak and has diseases, bad smell, poorness, technologies by state control the society, “Ministry of truth”, no money for food etc. ➔ dictatorship/ political dystopia Margaret Atwood (1939) – The Handmaid´s Tale: no paper money, attack, newspapers are censored, women lost their jobs (are less worth) ➔ religious dictatorship

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Englisch LK Lernzettel/ Abitur 2021

Jerry Falwell (1980): no feminism, no porn, men are the leaders, women should be in the kitchen and proud housewives, husbands are decision-makers ➔ social utopian vision

A./L. Wachawski (1999) – The Matrix: dark future, control, real world ≠ Matrix, technologies ➔ scientific dystopia Aldous Huxley (1932) – Brave new world: World state, science and efficiency, no emotions, fertilization, class society, savage reservation, drugs (soma) to control people, no families

3. Shakespeare Shakespears time: The Elizabethan age -golden age -god was the highest -rankings (man is more worth than woman -hierarchy -signs -> storms (people thought that horrible things could happen) -cruelty was normal -diseases/ no medicine -gap between rich and poor → absolute monarchy; divine right ⇒ God given politics and religion closely linked - Queen Elizabeth I (1533-1603) ruled over England for almost 50 years -Her reign was marked by prosperity, achievements in the arts and conflicts -Her father, Henry VIII, established himself as the head of the protestant church of England (adherents of the “wrong” religion were persecuted) -Many conflicts with other nations (especially Spain and France) -Many public executions and torturing (form of public entertainment) - “Golden Age”: relative stability, economic growth and flowering of theatre, literature, music, art and architecture -Elizabeth secured her position and strengthened the English navy -She died heirless in 1603: smooth transition of power to James of Scotland

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Englisch LK Lernzettel/ Abitur 2021

Theatre -entertainment for everyone -rich people sit in the gallery -loud audience -actors had to learn very much text and played six different plays a week -no female actors/ male actors played female characters

Why is Shakespeare an ordinary author? (1564-1616) Should Shakespeares literary works read in modern classes? Yes -timeless topics (love etc) -key motifs (love, friends, intrigues, drama) -> human topics -other concept of love (equality) -no need for perfection -tells us very much about his time and how people live in the golden age -impact on language -modern adaptions which appeal to young audiences

No -other, more modern authors deal with the same motifs as Shakespeare -language is hard to understand as it differs in terms of vocabulary, grammar etc -language barrier makes it frustrating -exaggerated behaviour by the characters which is outdated -students are forced to read Shakespeare in school and that is why they are related to do so -many concepts/ situations are outdated e.g. family fends (Romeo and Juliet), medieval Scotland (Hamlet) -plays were made to be played not to be read

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Englisch LK Lernzettel/ Abitur 2021

Sonnets The Shakespearean sonnet/ English sonnet

A B A B

C D C

3 quatrains

development

D

E F E F

turn G G

couplet

Climactic summary/ solution

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Englisch LK Lernzettel/ Abitur 2021

The Petrarchan Sonnet/ Italian sonnet A

Proposition

B A B

Development

Octave

A B A B

turn C

reflection

D E

Estet

C D

Solution/ unified close

E

Drama climax exposition

Rising action

Falling action

denoument

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Englisch LK Lernzettel/ Abitur 2021

4. Great Britain and a multicultural society History

National identity National identity is the sense of belonging to a country where are communal beliefs and behaviour as one nation. There are two different kinds of national identity. The first kind of national identity is the civic. It includes all people that speak the language, have the citizenship and follow the laws. The other one ist the ethnic one whi...