Exam 1 Study Guide PDF

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exam 1 study guide
Michelle Rivers...

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EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE

How should I use this guide? • Make flashcards and test yourself a little every day • Try to explain the information to a friend or classmate • Make up your own examples for course concepts or look for examples in your own life • Compare and contrast various concepts • Get feedback from the textbook, your notes, or the PowerPoint slides after attempting retrieval Other study suggestions: • Complete practice quizzes on the publisher’s website • Do practice activities/questions at the end of each textbook chapter • Redo in-class activities and daily review questions (without answers in front of you) • Generate your own exam questions and trade them with a classmate • Email me or come to office hours with questions ! Exam 1 is THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 14. It is worth 80 points and will consist of ~ 60% Multiple Choice and 40% Short Answer questions (“short answer” – some only a word, some a sentence, some a few sentences). BE PREPARED TO DEFINE/EXPLAIN/APPLY THESE CONCEPTS ! Psychology is a Science 1

• What does it mean to reason empirically? • How can understanding psychological research methods help you become a better producer and consumer of information? Empiricism and empirical questions Basic versus Applied Research and the “fuzziness” between them (translational research) Five Steps of the theory/data cycle Bad/Good words when talking about theories What it means to consider the “weight of the evidence” Three criteria for good theories Journals versus journalism Evaluating Sources of Information ! • Explain why psychologists value research-based conclusions over beliefs based on experience, intuition, or authority. • Locate research-based information, and read it with a purpose. Four Sources of information Two problems with experience Six biases that make basing answers on intuition problematic (cognitive and motivational biases) Problem with relying on authority and convention Why is empirical evidence the best source of information? Two types of journal articles Two questions to keep in mind when reading empirical reports Six pieces of an empirical report 2

Variables and Claims! • Differentiate the three types of claims: frequency, association, and causal. Variable Levels/Values Constant Measured versus Manipulated Variables Conceptual Definition or Construct Operational Definition or Measure Frequency Questions/Claims Association Questions/Claims Causal Questions/Claims Effective Learning Strategies! • What are two efficient and effective strategies for long-term learning and why do they work? Retrieval versus Storage strength Spaced practice Retrieval practice Successive relearning Variables and Measurement • Understand different ways to operationalize

(measure) variables. Categorical Variables Quantitative Variables Four Scales of Measurement 3

Three Types of Measures Converging Evidence Reliability ! • What is reliability? Why isn’t reliability perfect? What

is “close enough”? Test-retest reliability Interrater reliability Internal reliability Improving each type of reliability

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Validity • Describe the kinds of evidence that support the

construct validity of a measured variable. Construct validity Five kinds of evidence to evaluate Construct validity • Face validity • Concurrent validity • Predictive validity • Convergent validity • Discriminant validity Reliability vs. Validity

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SAMPLE EXAM QUESTIONS ! 1. What are the three components of a good theory? Define each. 2. Write three questions designed to measure liking for pistachio ice cream using three different types of measures we learned about. Please name the type of measure you used for each question. ! 3. Complete the following schematic.

4. Use the following variable(s) to create 3 statements that fulfill each of the three claims: Happiness, Cake 5. What is successive relearning? Why does it work? 6. Which of the following is true of operational definitions? a. There is only one operational definition that is possible for 6

each conceptual definition. ! b. The specification of operational definitions is one of the creative aspects of the research process. ! c. Conceptual definitions are created after operational definitions are determined. ! d. Operational definitions and conceptual definitions are the same thing. 7. What type of question and why? 1) Does exercising make you happier? ! 2) How many students at KSU are Psychology majors?! 3) Is fast food consumption related to the number of hours a person works in a week"

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