EXAM 2016, questions and answers PDF

Preview

Summary

Download EXAM 2016, questions and answers PDF

Description

Sample Examination

UNIT : TIME ALLOWED :

BSC100 Building Blocks for Science Students Exam Type - Internal 2 hours plus 10 minutes reading time

INSTRUCTIONS

This paper is arranged in two Sections worth a total of 100 Marks. Attempt ALL questions from Section A (30 Marks), writing your answers on the computer answer sheet provided. This section contributes 30% of the marks for this exam. Attempt ALL questions from Section B (70 Marks). Write your answers to this section in the spaces provided on this paper. This section contributes 70% of the marks for this exam. Make sure that your name and student number is entered in the spaces provided below. FAMILY NAME: ............…………………GIVEN NAME: ………………………………….

STUDENT NO: ……………………………SIGNATURE: …………………………………….

EXAMINATION AIDS TO BE PROVIDED BY THE UNIVERSITY

COMPUTER ANSWER SHEET & 2B PENCIL

TO BE PROVIDED BY THE CANDIDATE

LEVEL 2 CALCULATOR CLOSED BOOK EXAMINATION

BSC100: Building Blocks for Science Students

SAMPLE EXAMINATION PAPER

SECTION A: Attempt ALL 30 questions in this section. The total score for this section is 30 marks and each question is worth 1 mark. Select one answer only and write your answer on the computer answer sheet provided.

1.

In the PEL model of scientific inquiry, what does L stand for? a) Location b) Legality c) Logic d) Learning

2.

Which one of the following is not an example of critical thinking? a) Selection of a food supplement after reading the company’s website. b) Designing of a statistical approach for an Australian Research Council grant after reviewing similar projects and combining this information with your prior statistical knowledge. c) Developing a multidisciplinary approach to a problem after consultation with colleagues from different backgrounds. d) Selection of a holiday location after reviewing multiple commercial, consumer and government websites.

3.

When reading it is important to consider: a) Potential bias b) Source quality c) Target audience d) Information not provided e) All of the above

4.

Critical reading involves determining which of the following? a) The central claim or purpose of the text b) Who the work was written for and in what context c) What kind of evidence or justification is employed d) The kind of reasoning used e) All of the above

5.

Using exact phrases and sentences from a journal without quotation marks is an example of: a) Plagiarism b) Collusion c) Ghost Writing d) Purloining e) Fabrication

1

BSC100: Building Blocks for Science Students

SAMPLE EXAMINATION PAPER

Question 6 relates to the following reference citation. Bittles, A.H. and Collins, K.J. (2010) The Biology of Human Ageing. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England. 6.

The above reference is of a: a) Journal Article b) Book c) Book Chapter d) Website e) Online Journal

7.

The role of the reference list is: a) To show how detailed the literature search was b) To tell the readers where the idea comes from c) To provide the reader with the required information to find the original source d) To differentiate between different source types e) All of the above

8.

Experts claim that 40 year-olds have an average ‘maximum heart rate ’ of 180 beats per minute (when exercising to the point of exhaustion). If the associated standard deviation among 40 year-olds is 12 beats per minute, which of the following is not correct? a) Most 40 year-olds have a maximum heart rate of between 168 and 192 beats per minute. b) A maximum heart rate of 207 is more than 2 standard deviations above the mean for 40 year-olds. c) Some 40 year-olds have maximum heart rates below 168 beats per minute. d) A maximum heart rate of 170 beats per minute for a 40 year-old is more than 1 standard deviation from the mean.

9.

A sample of 9 men aged 40 years are put through an exercise regimen until they reach the point of exhaustion. The following data are their maximum heart rates in beats per minute (bpm). 167

172

159

214

195

169

190

178

176

Which of the following statements is correct for this set of data? a) b) c) d) 10. If a) b) c) d)

The mean is the same as the median The median is 172 bpm The mean is the better estimate of the variation for this set of data, not the median The mean is 180 bpm 1 decilitre = 0.1 litre, which of the following statements is correct? 1000 decilitres = 1 kilolitre 106 decilitres = 1 kilolitre 100,000 decilitres = 1 kilolitre 104 decilitres = 1 kilolitre 2

BSC100: Building Blocks for Science Students

SAMPLE EXAMINATION PAPER

Questions 11 - 13 relate to the following graph on world oil production from the IEA International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 2013 Report, released 12 November 2013.

Fig 2: US shale covers up recent decline in rest of world 11. Which of the following best describe the importance of this graph in the context of the Figure label? (Note mb/d = million barrels per day.) a) From 2011, world oil production has been above 73.4 mb/d. b) Oil production worldwide has been in decline since 2012 averaging only 73.4mb/d since 2005. c) The proportion of US shale oil production is small compared to world oil production in general. d) The world without shale oil declined after a recent peak in Feb 2012 to an average of 73.4 mb/d in 2013. 12. The percentage increase in world oil production from 2002 to 2005 was a) (5.4/73.4) x 100 % b) 5.4/(68 x 100) % c) (5.4/68) x 100 % d) 5.4/(73.4 x 100) % 13. Which one of the following types of graph would allow comparison from year to year of world oil production to US shale oil production between 2008 to 2013? a) A circle graph b) A scatterplot c) A multiple line graph d) None of the above 3

BSC100: Building Blocks for Science Students

SAMPLE EXAMINATION PAPER

14. Which one of the following statements is true about primary scientific literature? a) Primary literature synthesizes and condenses what is known on specific topics b) Primary publications are the first publications to cite new data or results c) Primary publications take time to produce, they are published after secondary literature d) Primary publications do not refer to similar work for comparison 15. What is the best search to identify the author of the quote, "Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world"? a) Education AND weapon AND change b) Education OR weapon OR change c) "Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world" d) Education AND weapon AND world 16. Citation databases collect and index scholarly resources. Which of the following statements about databases is false? a) Databases are a collection and repository of electronic sources b) Databases are a searching tool using records and indexes c) Databases are a publishing platform (e.g. provides a mix of citation-only and full text records) d) Access to all databases is free 17. The Method section of your research report should: a) Describe everything that you can think of concerning your participants, apparatus, and procedure b) Provide enough information about your study so that the reader can duplicate it c) Discuss improvements you would make to the experimental process d) Discuss the results of your study 18. In order to calculate the formula, S = 4t 2 √x+y when t = 11.3 , x = 0.5 and y = 1.6 , which one of the following would produce the correct answer from the Excel formula bar? a) = 4(11.3)^2*SQRT(0.5+1.6) b) = (4*11.3^2)*SQRT 0.5+1.6 c) = 4*(11.3^2)SQRT (0.5) +1.6 d) = 4*(11.3^2)*SQRT(0.5+1.6) 19. Calculate the value of P in the formula

P – S = P0 (1+ r)2

when P0 is 15,820, r = 0.047 and S = 12,300. The value of P to the appropriate number of significant figures is : a) 46,500 b) 30,000 c) 45,320 d) 29,600 4

BSC100: Building Blocks for Science Students

SAMPLE EXAMINATION PAPER

20. Which one of the following is a correct rearrangement of this formula P – S = P0 (1+ r)2 P a) S - P0 = (1 +r)2 b)

P - P0 = S(1 + r)2

c)

P  0

d)

P-S (1+r)2

(1+r) 2 = P0 P-S

Question 21 relates to the following model which is used to represent the change in a person’s oxygen level in the blood when the heart rate (in beats per minute) is increasing due to exercise.

0

50

100 150 Beats per minute

200

21. What does the model suggest about the oxygen levels for an exercising person? a) The oxygen level will rise quickly and keep increasing with more exercise. b) The increase in oxygen level will begin to slow at a heart rate of 130 beats per minute. c) The person will not be able to get any oxygen at 200 beats per minute. d) A rise in oxygen level is always associated with an increase in heart rate.

5

BSC100: Building Blocks for Science Students

SAMPLE EXAMINATION PAPER

22. When delivering your oral presentation you should: a) Move minimally so as to not distract b) Move unexpectedly to keep the audience awake c) Move using body language to emphasize your message d) Remain seated so you can deliver a more relaxed presentation. 23. The majority of sensory input for a presentation comes from a) Hearing b) Sight c) Smell d) All the above are equal in sensory input 24. People engaged in collaborative research often differ in their skill set. Which attributes are they chosen for? a) Expertise in a relevant area of science b) Age and gender c) Language and nationality d) Skills for teamwork and resolving conflict 25. Which is a form of professional communication of scientific research? a) Twitter comment b) Oral presentation to television audience c) Scientific journal article d) News article in popular journalism publication 26. Peer review is the evaluation of work by people of similar professional competence to the authors of the work. Which describes the function of peer review evaluation ? a) Quality Control b) Communication c) Timely dissemination of results d) International collaboration 27. Which is not a benefit of the current peer review process? a) More effective than other approaches, especially just free publication b) Provides independent feedback to authors c) Improves quality of reporting of research results d) Untracked and unrewarded reviewers – no incentive to review well 28. Which of the following lists the three types of problems related to the management of Big Data? a) Velocity, variability and variety of formats b) Volume, viral factor and velocity c) Virtual formats, variability and volume d) Volume, velocity and variety of formats e) None of the above

6

BSC100: Building Blocks for Science Students

SAMPLE EXAMINATION PAPER

29. Which of the following statements about a patent is false? a) A standard patent lasts for up to 20 years from the filing date of application (25 years for pharmaceuticals) b) A patent is a right that is granted for any device, substance, method or process that is new, inventive, and useful c) A patent does not have effect when a product is made for sale by another company d) A patent is legally enforceable and gives the owner exclusive rights to commercially exploit the invention for the life of the patent 30. A workplace hazard is anything that has the potential to cause harm to a person. Risk, in relation to any injury and harm, means the probability of that injury or harm occurring. Which is the first step in ensuring workplace safety? a) Assessment of risks if exposed to a hazard b) Identification of hazards c) Introduction of measures to eliminate or reduce risk d) Provision of personal protective equipment for all situations

END OF SECTION A

7

BSC100: Building Blocks for Science Students

SAMPLE EXAMINATION PAPER

This page has been left blank for notes and working out.

8

BSC100: Building Blocks for Science Students

SAMPLE EXAMINATION PAPER

SECTION B: There are two questions in this section. Attempt BOTH questions. The total score for this section is 70 marks. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this section. QUESTION 1 [15 marks] Part marks shown in [ ] One model for predicting the time taken to complete a running race based on information about previous races, is the Riegel model which was first proposed in 1977. The equation is T2 = T1 (D2 / D1)1.06 where T1 and D1 are the time and distance previously run; D2 is the distance to be run and the prediction for the time taken on this new run is T2. Distance and time must be measured in consistent units. To investigate the effectiveness of the Riegel model, data was collected for some runners over different distances. The model prediction time was calculated for a 200m race distance and the actual run time was then recorded for each runner. Runner A B C D E F

Reigel model prediction (secs) 26.21 27.20 31.01 40.86 29.40 27.94

Actual 200m run time (secs) 28.1 29.3 24.2 37.6 29.8 31.8

a) Plot an appropriate bar graph of the data which would help in this investigation. Label your graph clearly. [5]

9

BSC100: Building Blocks for Science Students

SAMPLE EXAMINATION PAPER

b) Comment on the effectiveness of this model in predicting race times, based on this data set. Make reference to your graph. [3]

c) Use the Reigel model to calculate the expected time for Bill to run a race of distance 100m based on Bill’s previous performance of running 400m in 82 seconds. [2]

d) An athletics coach records the performance times (in seconds) for his athlete to run 400m at each weekly training session for 3 months. He plots the results in a scatterplot ( x = number of weeks of training, y = performance time) and uses Excel to fit two mathematical models to the data. The results are : Model 1 : y = -2.25x + 88.61 Model 2 : y = 88.7 e

-0.032x

with with

R² = 0.719 R² = 0.634

i.

Which model seems better at explaining the change in the athlete’s performance times over the weeks of training? Explain your reasoning. [2]

ii.

According to Model 1, did the athlete’s performance times improve? Use this model to estimate the change in the athlete’s performance times from weeks 1 to 4. [3]

10

BSC100: Building Blocks for Science Students

SAMPLE EXAMINATION PAPER

QUESTION 2 [55 marks] To answer Question 2 you are provided with excerpts from four sources on the final pages of this booklet. A.

Write a paragraph which paraphrases Excerpt 1 (using Author – Date style for in-text citations). [7 marks] Write Here:

11

BSC100: Building Blocks for Science Students

SAMPLE EXAMINATION PAPER

B.

Write paragraphs to summarise the results and their significance for quality of sleep for the presence or lack of presence of an interactive device provided from Excerpt 2. Compare and contrast these results in the final paragraph below. [8 marks]

(a)

Presence of interactive device (Sometimes left on)

(b)

No interactive device (Always off)

(c)

Compare and contrast

12

BSC100: Building Blocks for Science Students

C.

SAMPLE EXAMINATION PAPER

Use the information from the following Excerpts 1, 2, 3 and 4 to produce a summary suitable for inclusion in the discussion section of a research report on the factors affecting sleep habits in teenagers. Include in-text citations of references in Author Date style in your summary. [40 marks] Write Here:

13

BSC100: Building Blocks for Science Students

SAMPLE EXAMINATION PAPER

14

BSC100: Building Blocks for Science Students

SAMPLE EXAMINATION PAPER

This page has been left blank for note-taking.

15

BSC100: Building Blocks for Science Students

SAMPLE EXAMINATION PAPER

Excerpt 1: “Light level and duration of exposure determine the impact of selfluminous tablets on melatonin suppression” from Wood et al. (2012) Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland at night and under conditions of darkness in both diurnal and nocturnal species. It is a timing messenger, signalling night-time information throughout the body. Exposure to light at night can retard or even cease nocturnal melatonin production. Short-wavelength light is maximally effective at suppressing melatonin (peak sensitivity ≈ 460 nm). Suppression of melatonin by light at night has been implicated in disruption of sleep, increased risk for obesity, as well as increased risk for more serious diseases, such as breast cancer (Blask et al., 1999). Technological developments have led to bigger and brighter self-luminous electronic devices, such as televisions, computer screens, and cell phones. Some have suggested that light at night from electronic devices can suppress nocturnal melatonin (Figueiro et al., 2011 and Cajochen et al., 2011), which may disrupt sleep or pose a health risk. To produce white light, these electronic devices must emit light at short wavelengths, which makes them potential sources for suppressing melatonin at night or for delaying the onset of melatonin in the evening, thereby possibly reducing sleep duration and disrupting sleep. This is particularly worrisome in populations such as young adults and adolescents, who already tend to be more “night owls”. Excerpt 2: Exhibit 26 of “2014 Sleep in America Poll, Summary of Findings” from the National Sleep Foundation (Mar. 2014)

Figure 1 Sleep quality (in children ages 6-17) by the presence of an interactive device. Note: the following devices are considered ‘interactive’: computer, tablet or smartphone and videogame. The presence of any of these devices in the bedroom is also more common for older teenagers.

16

BSC100: Building Blocks for Science Students

SAMPLE EXAMINATION PAPER

Excerpt 3: “Light from self-luminous tablet computers can affect evening melatonin, delaying sleep” from ScienceDaily (27 Aug. 2012). This article includes an interview with the leading researcher in “Light level and duration of exposure determine the impact of self-luminous tablets on melatonin suppression” from Wood et al. (2012)

A new study from the Lighting Research Center (LRC) at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute shows that a two-hour exposure to electronic devices with self-luminous "backlit" displays causes melatonin suppression, which might lead to delayed bedtimes, especially in teens. The research team, led by Mariana Figueiro, associate professor at Rensselaer and director of the LRC's Light and Health Program, tested the effects of self-luminous tablets on melatonin suppression. In order to simulate typical usage of these devices, 13 individuals used self-luminous tablets to read, play games, and watch movies. "Our study shows that a two-hour exposure to light from self-luminous electronic displays can suppress melatonin by about 22 percent. Stimulating the human circadian system to this level may affect sleep in those using the devices prior to bedtime," said Figueiro. Melatonin is a hormone produced by the pineal gland at night and under conditions of darkness in both diurnal and nocturnal species. It is a "timing messenger," signaling night-time information throughout the body. Exposure to light at night, especially shortwavelength ...