Exercise 18 botany lab - Lecture notes 1 PDF

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EXERCISE 18EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY OF LEAVESSIMPLE LEAVESOBJECTIVETo describe simple leavesSPECIMENSGuava, gumamela, santol, pandan, bamboo, sugar cane leafPROCEDURE Draw one simple dicot leaf and one simple monocot leaf from the samples. Study their differences and similarities very well.RESULTSMake a ...

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EXERCISE 18

EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY OF LEAVES

SIMPLE LEAVES

OBJECTIVE To describe simple leaves

SPECIMENS Guava, gumamela, santol, pandan, bamboo, sugar cane leaf

PROCEDURE Draw one simple dicot leaf and one simple monocot leaf from the samples. Study their differences and similarities very well.

RESULTS Make a labeled drawing of each leaf.

QUESTIONS 1. How does a simple leaf differ from a compound leaf? -

Simple leaves are single leaves with no leaflets. The petiole or stem helps these leaves cling to a twig. Compound leaves may split mid-vein to generate leaflets or blades. The leaflets might also be compound.

2. What are the differences between a monocot and dicot leaf?

-

Monocot leaves are long, thin, and veined. Dicot leaves contain net-like or reticulated veins. Dicot leaves are Hypostomatic.

3. How is a typical monocot leaf attached to the stem? -

Monocot leaves are distinct from dicot leaves. Their vascular bundles are structured into veins that begin at the base of the leaf and travel parallel to one another. They feature a striate venation pattern. One leaf per node generally grows off the stem.

COMPOUND LEAVES

OBJECTIVE To describe compound leaves

SPECIMENS

Leaves of malunggay, rose, caballero, sampaloc, suha, bataw, makahiya, five fingers, fern and kamias.

PROCEDURE 1. Study the specimens that you have. Be sure to have the different types of compound leaves. Label the different leaf parts, such as the petiole, petiolule, stipule, leaflet primary rachis, secondary rachis, and tertiary rachis.

2. Make diagrams of the different types of compound leaves and label their parts.

RESULTS

1. Classify your leaf samples and fill out the table below. (Make your table with the ff format) Name Of Specimen Malunggay (Moringa oleifera) Rose (Rosa) Caballero (Caesalpinia pulcherrima) Sampaloc (Tamarindus indica) Suha (Citrus maxima) Bataw (Lablab purpureus) Makahiya (Mimosa pudica) Five Fingers (Pseudopanax arboreus) Fern (Tracheophyta) Kamias (Averrhoa bilimbi)

QUESTIONS

Type of Margin Entire

Type of Venation Pinnate

Type of Phyllotaxy Compound

Serrated Entire

Pinnate Pinnate

Compound Compound

Entire

Pinnate

Compound

Crenate

Pinnate

Simple

Entire

Pinnate

Compound

Entire

Pinnate

Compound

Entire

Pinnate

Simple

Entire

Pinnate

Compound

Entire

Pinnate

Compound

1. How would you differentiate the rachis of a compound leaf from a branch? -

Arc is the mid-axis of a compound body. A branch is a woody component of a tree that arises from the trunk and generally divides.

2. What is the most important characteristic of a leaf by which it can be considered a monocot? -

Monocot seeds have a single cotyledon, parallel-veined leaves, dispersed vascular bundles in the stem, and an adventitious root system.

3. How can you distinguish a leaf from a leaflet? -

A leaflet (or foliole) is a leaf-like component of a compound leaf. A leaflet, unlike a leaf, is not carried on a main plant stem or branch, but rather on a petiole or leaf branch.

4. Differentiate a simple leaf from a compound leaf. -

In simple leaves, there is only one leaf blade and a shallow incision, but in complex leaves, the incision is deep enough to split the leaf blades into leaflets.

VENATION PATTERNS

OBJECTIVE To describe the different types of leaf venation

SPECIMENS Leaves of butterfly tree, papaya, bird of paradise, sugar cane, pandan, bamboo, langka, and guava.

PROCEDURE Study closely the type of venation of your specimens. Draw the different types of leaf venation.

RESULTS 1. Make drawings of the parallel and netted types of venation.

2. Draw the three types of netted or reticulate venation.

QUESTIONS 1. What are leaf veins for? -

The veins in a leaf are the organ's vascular structure, reaching into the leaf through the petiole and transporting water and nutrients between leaf and stem.

2. What comprises the vein? -

Veins consist of vascular tissue, xylem, and phloem, and connect the vascular tissue of the stem to the photosynthetic cells of the mesophyll, via the petiole.

PHYLLOTAXY

OBJECTIVE To differentiate the types of leaf arrangements in some plants

SPECIMENS Twigs of guava, santol, digman, yellow bell, mango, dita, atis, guyabano, and kutsarita.

PROCEDURE Get your specimens and study the type of leaf arrangement shown by each plant.

RESULTS Make a diagram of each type of phyllotaxy and label properly.

QUESTIONS 1. Which type of leaf arrangement exposes the leaves to more sunlight? -

Alternate and Spiral

2. Which type of leaf arrangement exposes the leaves to less sunlight? -

Whorled...