Exploring Geology (5e) Ch #14 What To Know PDF

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Summary

What to know for a test covering Chapter 14 of the 5th edition of Exploring Geology.
Professor was Steppen Murphy....

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Exploring Geology – What-To-Know Page 1

What-To-Know List Chapter 14: Shorelines, Glaciers, and Changing Sea Levels GOALS After reading this section of the chapter, students should be able to: • Explain why glaciers form, move and vanish. • Describe the features associated with present-day and past valley and continental glaciers. • Describe the important processes that take place at shorelines and the features that are created. • Explain what causes changes in relative sea level and describe the characteristics associated with submergent and emergent coastlines.

14.1 What Are Glaciers?  

Describe the characteristics of glaciers, including the three main types (ice sheets, valley glaciers and piedmont glaciers) Summarize which places have ice sheets and glaciers.

14.2 How Do Glaciers Form, Move, and Vanish?   

Sketch and describe how snow is transformed by pressure into ice. Summarize or sketch the differences in a glacier above and below the equilibrium line. Describe how glaciers move and what happens when they encounter a lake or the sea.

14.3 How Do Glaciers Erode, Transport, and Deposit? 

Describe how glaciers erode, transport and deposit material

14.4 What Are the Landforms of Alpine Glaciation?  

Explain how glacial erosion can modify a landscape Describe the characteristics and origins of landforms formed by alpine glaciation

14.5 What Are Landforms of Continental Glaciation?  

Summarize where continental glaciers carry and deposit sediment, explaining the three types of moraines Sketch and describe the features associated with continental ice sheets, and explain how each type of feature formed

14.6 What Features Are Peripheral to Glaciers?  

Describe the characteristics of different deposits related to glacial episodes and how each type forms. Describe permafrost and where it occurs.

14.7 What Is the Evidence for Past Glaciations?  

Describe evidence used to infer that glaciers once covered a landscape. Discuss how glaciations can be expressed in ice and the ocean, and how we can use this record to interpret when glaciation occurred.

14.8 What Happened During Past Ice Ages?  

Describe what parts of the Northern Hemisphere and North America were covered with ice during the Ice Ages. Discuss evidence for past glaciations in the United States.

14.9 What Starts and Stops Glacial Episodes?  

Describe how variations in Earth’s rotation and orbit influence global climate. Describe how global climate can be affected by atmospheric gases, volcanic ash, and the amount of snow, ice, and cloud cover.

Exploring Geology – What-To-Know Page 2

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Describe the role of ocean currents and continental positions on glaciations.

14.10 What Processes Occur Along Shorelines?  

Summarize or sketch the types of processes that affect shorelines. Summarize or sketch how different factors, from the water side and from the land side, affect the appearance of a shoreline.

14.11 What Causes High Tides and Low Tides?   

Describe or sketch what tides are. Sketch and describe how tides relate to the position of the Moon and why. Sketch or summarize how the gravity of the Moon and Sun cause spring tides and neap tides.

14.12 How Do Waves Form and Propagate?    

Sketch and label the parts of a wave, including the height, wavelength, and wave base. Explain how the propagation of a wave differs from the motion of the water through which the wave travels. Sketch and explain why a wave rises and breaks as it reaches shallow water. Explain why waves bend if they approach the shore at an angle.

14.13 How Is Material Eroded, Transported, and Deposited Along Shorelines?  

Describe how waves erode material from the shoreline and how the shape of a coastline influences wave erosion. Sketch and describe how waves move sand and other sediment on the beach.

14.14 What Landforms Occur Along Shorelines?  

Describe the different types of shoreline features. Sketch and summarize one way that a sea stack, spit, baymouth bar, and barrier island can each form.

14.15 What Are Some Challenges of Living Along Shorelines?  

Summarize some of the hazards that affect beaches and other coastlines. Describe the approaches to address coastal erosion and loss of sand (groins, jetties, breakwaters and seawalls), including not building and trying to restore systems to a natural state.

14.17 What Happens When Sea Level Changes?  

Summarize what a submergent coast is, and what types of features can indicate that sea level has risen relative to the land. Summarize what an emergent coast is, and what types of features can indicate that sea level has fallen relative to the land.

14.18 What Causes Changes in Sea Level? 

Summarize how continental glaciation, rates of seafloor spreading, ocean temperatures, and position of the continents affect sea level.

14.19 What Would Happen to Sea Level if the Ice in West Antartica Melted?  

Calculate how much melting a block of ice will raise water levels in a tub, if you know the dimensions of the block and tub Discuss why calculations about West Antarctica are important to people living along coastlines, including he East Coast of the United States...